Name: when iv fluids can be stopped
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T06:50:30.000Z
Duration: 7 min 22 s
Channel: JoVE

1. General IV fluid infusion discontinuation and PIV removal considerations (review in the room, with the patient).
<ol>
	<li>Upon first entering the patient&#39;s room, clean your hands with a sanitizer or with soap and warm water, applying vigorous friction for at least 20 s.</li>
	<li>Review the patient&#39;s electronic health record for fluid volume status. This includes intake and output total volumes, serum laboratory results, vital sign assessments, skin turgor, mucus membranes, and the patient&#39;s ability to maintain adequate oral fluid intake. In addition, review current medication orders to determine if there is a continued need for IV access and IV medication administration. Note if the patient&#39;s history indicates increased risk of bleeding following peripheral line removal, including bleeding disorders, anticoagulant therapy, and low platelet counts.</li>
	<li>Verify the patient&#39;s identity using two independent identifiers, not including the patient&#39;s room number or bed number. These might include the patient&#39;s name and record number.</li>
	<li>Review the PIV removal procedure with the patient, answering any questions and discussing concerns. Discuss with the patient his/her preference for using the tape versus non-adhesive self-adhering wrap following PIV removal. Patient allergies to tape adhesive will require the use of non-adhesive self-adhering wrap.</li>
	<li>Inspect the IV catheter insertion site for redness, swelling, or bruising. Redness can indicate irritation, inflammation, infection, or the formation of a thrombus. Bruising at the insertion site could be a sign of a hematoma, which may cause a damage to the surrounding tissues.</li>
	<li>Gently palpate the area around the IV catheter insertion site, assessing for tenderness and swelling. Ask the patient if the area feels tender or painful. Tenderness may suggest inflammation or infection at the insertion site.</li>
	<li>Repeat the palpation of the area around the IV catheter insertion site while palpating the same area on the other limb with your other hand. During the palpation, pay attention to the temperature (i.e., increased or decreased), skin texture (i.e., soft, boggy, or tight), and swelling (i.e., any differences in size between the two limbs). Increased temperature may indicate inflammation or infection, while decreased temperature and bogginess may suggest an infiltration.</li>
	<li>Take note of any abnormal findings to determine if further intervention is needed and for documentation following PIV removal.</li>
	<li>Leave the patient room and wash your hands, as described above (step 1.1).</li>
</ol>
2. Gather the supplies needed for PIV removal, including two sterile 2 x 2 gauze packages, an absorbent pad, and tape or non-adhesive self-adhering wrap.
3. Return to the patient&#39;s bedside, set the supplies down on the counter, and wash hands as described in step 1.1.
<ol>
	<li>Position the bedside stand or the over-bed table on the same side as the peripheral insertion site and place the supplies on the table.</li>
</ol>
4. Discontinue IV fluid administration.
<ol>
	<li>Hold the IV tubing in your non-dominant hand, use the other hand to slide the roller clamp towards the narrow clamp end, which will occlude the tubing. Clamping the extension tubing will prevent the backflow of blood into the extension tubing following the discontinuation of IV fluid administration.
	<ol>
		<li>If the IV pump is used, press and hold the &#34;Channel Off&#34; button on the IV pump channel until the channel powers down to stop IV infusion and then proceed to clamping the extension tubing.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Dispose the fluid bag and tubing according to facility policy into the appropriate disposal receptacle.</li>
</ol>
5. Prepare the patient and supplies for PIV removal.
<ol>
	<li>Place an absorbent pad under the peripheral IV insertion site.</li>
	<li>Open two 2 x 2 sterile gauze packages, leaving them on their sterile packaging, and place them within easy reach on the bedside stand or the over-bed table. Take care not to contaminate the sterile gauze.</li>
</ol>
6. Remove the PIV.
<ol>
	<li>Wash hands, as described in step 1.1, and don clean, non-sterile gloves.</li>
	<li>Remove the transparent dressing that covers the PIV.
	<ol>
		<li>With your dominant hand, gently peel up one proximal corner of the transparent dressing while holding the skin taut near the dressing removal site with your non-dominant hand. Holding the skin taut decreases pain and helps to prevent skin injury during the removal of the transparent dressing.</li>
		<li>Peel back the transparent dressing, with your dominant hand towards the catheter and away from the patient, while continuing to hold the skin taught near the dressing removal site. Peeling the dressing towards the catheter and away from the patient prevents unintentional removal of the PIV before you are prepared to do so.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Remove the gloves; wash hands as described in step 1.1; and apply clean, non-sterile gloves.</li>
	<li>Grasp the PIV near the catheter hub between the dominant thumb and index finger.</li>
	<li>Fold one gauze in half. Hold the gauze gently over the peripheral IV insertion site with your non-dominant hand.</li>
	<li>With your dominant hand, remove the PIV by pulling the catheter out along the line of the vein and away from the patient.</li>
	<li>With your non-dominant hand, apply firm pressure to the gauze over the insertion site for 1-3 min or until bleeding stops.</li>
	<li>With your dominant hand, fold the remaining clean 2 x 2 gauze in half; remove the soiled gauze; and place the folded, clean gauze over the peripheral catheter insertion site.</li>
	<li>Secure the clean gauze to the peripheral catheter insertion site wound with tape or non-adhesive self-adhering dressing. Be mindful of applying adequate pressure, but not so much as to occlude peripheral circulation.</li>
	<li>Monitor the peripheral catheter insertion site wound for bleeding and instruct the patient to apply pressure to the site and to notify you if the site begins to bleed.</li>
	<li>Assess the removed PIV to determine if the catheter is intact. The catheter should not be shortened and should have a clean edge on its tip. A shortened or jagged catheter tip suggests that a portion of the catheter has detached and may remain in the patient. The primary care provider should be notified immediately.</li>
	<li>Remove and discard the gloves, soiled gauze, and trash into the appropriate disposal receptacle and according to facility policy.</li>
	<li>Wash hands, as described in step 1.1</li>
</ol>
7. Document the discontinuation of IV fluids and PIV removal in the patient&#39;s electronic health record.
<ol>
	<li>Documentation should include the patient&#39;s response to PIV removal and any abnormal findings.</li>
</ol>

While the discontinuation of IV fluids and the removal of a PIV appears to be a straightforward process, the nurse should ensure adequate preparation and assessment prior to the procedure and should closely monitor the patient afterwards. Prior to discontinuing IV fluids and removing the PIV, the nurse must verify that the patient no longer requires IV therapy and educate the patient to ensure that he/she understands his/her responsibilities to maintain adequate hydration. Both the nurse and the patient need to continue ...

discontinuing intravenous fluids and a peripheral intravenous line

Source: Madeline Lassche, MSNEd, RN and Katie Baraki, MSN, RN, College of Nursing, University of Utah, UT
Intravenous (IV) fluid administration and peripheral IV catheters (PIVs) may be discontinued for a number of reasons. The most common reason for discontinuing IV fluids is that the patient has returned to normal body fluid volume (euvolemia) and is able to maintain adequate oral fluid intake or is being discharged from the hospital. In addition, the Centers for Disease Control Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections (2011) recommends replacing PIVs every 72-96 h in adults to prevent the risk of infection or phlebitis. If the PIV becomes dislodged or if the insertion site demonstrates the signs and symptoms of infection, infiltration, extravasation, or phlebitis, the PIV should be discontinued and replaced. For pediatric patients, the Infusion Nurses Society recommends replacing the PIV only when the IV infusion site is no longer patent or when it demonstrates the signs and symptoms of complications.
This video describes the approach to discontinue IV fluid administration and PIVs.

Discontinuing Intravenous Fluids and a Peripheral Intravenous Line

Source: Madeline Lassche, MSNEd, RN and Katie Baraki, MSN, RN, College of Nursing, University of Utah, UT
Intravenous (IV) fluid administration and ...

Peripheral intravenous catheters may be discontinued at any time for a number of reasons. The common reasons to discontinue IV fluids are: the patient's fluid volume has returned to baseline; the patient is being discharged from the facility; the IV catheter needs to be replaced; or the IV site has become unfavorable due to infection, infiltration, extravasation, or phlebitis.This video will illustrate the approach to discontinue intravenous fluid administration as well as peripheral intravenous catheters.The first step upon entering a patient's room is to perform proper hand hygiene. At the bedside computer, log into and review the patient's electronic medical record. Be sure to be aware of the patient's fluid volume status. This includes intake and output total volumes and serum laboratory results, assessment of the vital signs, skin turgor and mucus membranes, and the patient's ability to maintain adequate oral fluid intake. Additionally, review the MAR to note the current medication orders and determine if there is a continued need for IV access and medication administration. Also, be sure to review the patient's history for the risk of bleeding complications, such as bleeding disorders, anticoagulant therapy, and low platelet count.Next, ensure you review the removal procedure with patient and address any questions the patient may have. Additionally, it is important to verify the patient's identity using 2 independent identifiers, such as the patient's name and medical record number. Remember, never utilize the patient's room or bed number as identifiers.Assess the patient's IV site for any redness, swelling, or bruising, as this can be indicative of irritation, inflammation, infection, or a formation of a thrombus. Next, gently palpate the area around the IV site to assess for tenderness and swelling. Additionally, palpate the same area on the other limb with your other hand to see if there is any difference in skin temperature, texture, or swelling, as increased temperature may indicate inflammation or infection, while decreased temperature and bogginess may suggest an infiltration.Next, at the bedside computer, record all procedures and assessments in the patient's EMR, as well as any abnormal findings. Leave the patient's room to gather the supplies to remove the IV catheter and wash your hands upon exiting, as previously described. Enter the clean holding room to gather the supplies needed to remove the IV. Obtain two sterile 2 x 2 gauze packages and tape or a non-adhesive self-adhering wrap, based on the patient's preference. Return to the patient's room, place the supplies on the bedside table that is on the same side as the patient's IV, and perform hand hygiene. Now, while holding the IV tubing in your dominant hand, use your other hand to slide the clamp toward the narrow end to occlude the tubing and prevent backflow. If an IV pump is being used, hold the "channel off" button on the IV pump to shut off the machine. Next, disconnect the IV tubing from the patient and dispose of the fluid bag and tubing in the appropriate disposal receptacle based on the facility's policy. Now, open two 2 x 2 sterile gauze packages and leave them on their sterile packing on the bedside table to ensure no contamination. Wash your hands and put on clean gloves. While holding the skin taut near the dressing removal site with your non-dominant hand, gently peel up one corner of the transparent dressing, toward the catheter and away from the patient. Next, remove and discard the gloves, wash your hands, and don a new pair of gloves before proceeding. Now, grasp the IV catheter near its hub with your dominant hand, fold one gauze in half, and hold it gently over the IV insertion site with your non-dominant hand. Next, pull the catheter out along the line of the vein and away from the patient. With your non-dominant hand, apply firm pressure to the gauze over the insertion site for 1 to 3 minutes, or until bleeding stops. Then, with your dominant hand, fold the remaining clean gauze in half, remove the soiled gauze, and then place the clean gauze over the insertion site. Subsequently, secure the clean gauze to the insertion site with tape or a non-adhesive self-adhering dressing. Monitor the IV site for bleeding and instruct the patient to apply pressure to the site if it begins to bleed again. Assess the removed catheter to determine if it is intact. The catheter should not be shortened and should have a clean edge to the catheter tip. Next, dispose of the catheter and soiled gauze into the appropriate disposal receptacle, remove and discard your gloves, and wash your hands thoroughly. Lastly, document the discontinuation of the IV fluids and the removal of the catheter in the patient's EHR. It is important to include the patient's response to the peripheral intravenous catheter removal and any abnormal findings. "While discontinuation of intravenous fluids and removal of a peripheral intravenous catheter appears to be a straight-forward process, the nurse should ensure an adequate preparation and assessment prior to the procedure and monitor the patient closely afterwards." "Note if the patient's history indicates increased risk of bleeding following the peripheral line removal, including bleeding disorders, anticoagulant therapy, and low platelet counts. Redness can indicate irritation, inflammation, infection, or formation of a thrombus. Bruising at the insertion site could be a sign of a hematoma, which may cause a damage to the surrounding tissues." "When removing the IV catheter, the catheter should not be shortened and should have a clean edge to the catheter tip." "Common mistakes when discontinuing a peripheral IV include not acquiring appropriate supplies, neglecting to stop fluid administration prior to the procedure, and failure to monitor the insertion site for complications following the catheter removal."You've just watched JoVE's discontinuation of IV fluids and peripheral IV site. You should now understand the supplies needed and the process of terminating IV fluids and removing an IV site from a patient. As always, thanks for watching!

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when iv fluids can be stopped

Intravenous (IV) fluids and peripheral IV catheters can be stopped when they are no longer needed. A patient may no longer need IV fluid therapy after returning to euvolemia, which means normal body fluid volume. IV fluids may also be stopped when the patient can drink enough fluids by mouth or is being discharged from the hospital.

Peripheral IV catheters, or PIVs, also need regular checks for safety. In adults, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends replacing a PIV every 72 to 96 hours to lower the risk of infection or phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein. A PIV should also be discontinued if it becomes dislodged or if the insertion site shows signs of infection, infiltration, extravasation, or phlebitis.

Pediatric patients follow a different rule. The Infusion Nurses Society recommends replacing a pediatric PIV only when the IV site is no longer patent, meaning it is no longer open for fluid flow, or when it shows signs of complications. This procedure explains how to discontinue IV fluid administration and remove a peripheral IV line.

When IV Fluids Can Be Stopped

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This collection demonstrates medication preparation and administration, with videos highlighting important safety checks, considerations, dosage calculations, and common mistakes associated with improper medication administration.

Learn when IV fluids and peripheral IV lines are discontinued, including discharge, euvolemia, adult replacement timing, and signs of IV complications.

When IV Fluids Can Be Stopped

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