Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content

A cell’s cytoplasm contains many different organelles. Each organelle differs in its structure, function, and copy number; therefore, a cell has to use distinct strategies to separate each organelle type properly into its daughter cells.

The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are directly connected, and therefore their distribution to daughter cells is coupled.

In prophase, the nuclear envelope and associated proteins merge with the endoplasmic reticulum.  The sheet-like endoplasmic reticulum transforms into a tubular structure and reorganizes itself near the cell cortex during metaphase.

After chromosome segregation, the endoplasmic reticulum encircles sister chromatids and reforms the nuclear envelope.

In mitosis, mitochondria undergo fission to produce fragmented mitochondria that spread throughout the cell.

During cell division, these fragmented mitochondria are believed to be distributed to the daughter cells through a stochastic or random process and then undergo fusion to regain their shape and size.

A single copy of the Golgi body is present in the cell, and its equal distribution is vital for cell survival. The Golgi body disassembles stepwise before segregating in