Extracellular Vesicle Uptake Assay: A Method to Visualize and Quantify Cellular Uptake of Extracellular Vesicles Using 3D Fluorescence Imaging Technique

Abstract

Source: Kim, C. J., et al., Extracellular Vesicle Uptake Assay via Confocal Microscope Imaging Analysis. J. Vis. Exp. (2022).

In this video, we demonstrate an assay to visualize and quantify the cellular uptake of extracellular vesicles or EVs. This assay utilizes 3D fluorescent imaging using a confocal microscope and allows for distinguishing internalized EVs from ones adhered to the cell surface.

Protocol

1. EV isolation and on-chip immuno-fluorescent EV labeling

1. Collection of cell culture media (CCM) and pre-processing of CCM for EV isolation
   1. Seed PC3 cells at 30% confluency in a 75 cm² cell culture flask. Allow control cells to grow to 90% confluency (~48 h) in standard media and cell-line-specific supplements.
      NOTE: To prevent EV-containing components from affecting cellular uptake (i.e., fetal bovine serum), use exosome-depleted media and supplements.
   2. Harvest the CCM.
   3. Centrifuge the CCM at 1000 x g for 10 min at room temperature (RT) to pellet any unattached cells and large d....

Results

Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the EV isolation and on-chip labeling using a nano-filtration-based microfluidic device. (A) EVs isolation from CCM. (B) On-chip Immunofluorescent labeling of EVs. (C

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Alexa Fluor 488 anti-human CD63 Antibody	Biolegend	353038	Fluorescent dye conjugated EV-specific antibody
CellTracker Orange CMTMR Dye	Thermo Fisher Scientific	C2927	Live cell (cytoplasm) fluoresent labeling reagent
CFI Apo Lambda S 40XC WI	Nikon	MRD77400	Objective for confocal imaging, NA=1.25
CFI Plan Apo VC 20X	Nikon	MRD70200	Objective for confocal imaging, NA=0.75
Exodisc	Labspinner Inc.	EX-D1001	A nano-filtration based microfluidic device for EV isolation
ExoDiscovery	Labspinner Inc.	EX-R1001	Operation device for Exodisc
Exosome-depleted FBS	Thermo Fisher Scientific	A2720801	Nutrient of cell culture media for PC3 cell line derived EV collection
Fetal bovine serum (FBS)	VWR	1500-500	Nutrient for cell cultivation
Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L preadsorbed	abcam	ab7063	Mouse IgG antibody for negatvie control of EV labeling
Ibidi USA U DISH μ-Dish 35 mm	Ibidi	81156	Culture dish for confocal imaging
Imaris 9.7.1	Oxford Instruments	9.7.1	Post-image processing software
Incubator System+ CO2/O2/N2 gas mixer	Live Cell Instrument	TU-O-20	Incubator system for live cell imaging
Nikon A1 HD25 / A1R HD25 camera	Nikon	NA	Camera for confocal imaging
Nikon Eclipse Ti microscope	Nikon	NA	Inverted microscope for confocal imaging
NIS-Elements AR 4.50.00	Nikon	4.50.00	Image processing software for Nikon microscope
NTA, NanoSight NS500	Malvern Panalytical	NS500	Measurement device for EV concentration
OriginPro 2020	OriginLab	9.7.0.185	Graphing software
Penicillin-Streptomycin	Thermo Fisher Scientific	15140122	Antibiotics for cell cultivation
RPMI 1640	Thermo Fisher Scientific	21875034	Cell culture media for PC3 cell line cultivation
SYTO RNASelect Green Fluorescent cell Stain - 5 mM Solution in DMSO	Thermo Fisher Scientific	S32703	RNA staining fluorescent dye for the EV labeling