This manuscript describes a detailed protocol for differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) by continuously supplementing Activin A and CHIR99021 during hESC differentiation into definitive endoderm (DE).
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Method Article
An Efficient Method for Directed Hepatocyte-Like Cell Induction from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
* These authors contributed equally
In This Article
Summary
Abstract
The potential functions of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and drug screening applications. Provided here is an efficient and reproducible method for differentiation of hESCs into functional HLCs. The establishment of an endoderm lineage is a key step in the differentiation to HLCs. By our method, we regulate the key signaling pathways by continuously supplementing Activin A and CHIR99021 during hESC differentiation into definitive endoderm (DE), followed by generation of hepatic progenitor cells, and finally HLCs with typical hepatocyte morphology in a stagewise method with completely defined reagents. The hESC-derived HLCs produced by this method express stage-specific markers (including albumin, HNF4α nuclear receptor, and sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP)), and show special characteristics related to mature and functional hepatocytes (including indocyanine green staining, glycogen storage, hematoxylin-eosin staining and CYP3 activity), and can provide a platform for the development of HLC-based applications in the study of liver diseases.
Introduction
The liver is a highly metabolic organ that plays several roles, including deoxidation, storing glycogen, and secretion and synthesis of proteins1. Various pathogens, drugs and heredity can cause pathological changes in the liver and affect its functions2,3. Hepatocytes, as the main functional unit of the liver, play an important role in artificial liver support systems and drug toxicity elimination. However, the resource of primary human hepatocytes is limited in cell-based therapy, as well as in liver disease research. Therefore, developing new sources of functional human hepatocytes i....
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Protocol
1. Stem cell maintenance
NOTE: The cell maintenance protocol described below applies to the hES03 cell line maintained in an adherent monolayer. For all the following protocols in this manuscript, cells should be handled under a biological safety cabinet.
- Prepare 1x mTesR stem cell culture medium by diluting 5x supplementary medium to mTesR basic medium.
- Prepare 30x hESC-qualified Matrigel medium by diluting 5 mL of hESC-qualified Matrigel with 5 mL of DMEM/F12 on the ice. Store at -20 °C.
- Prepare 1x hESC-qualified Matrigel medium by diluting 33.3 µL of 30x hESC-qualified Matrigel with 1 mL of DMEM/....
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Results
The schematic diagram of HLC induction from hESCs and representative bright-field images of each differentiation stage are shown in Figure 1. In Stage I, Activin A and CHIR99021 were added for 3 days to induce stem cells to form endoderm cells. In Stage II, the endoderm cells differentiated into hepatic progenitor cells after being treated with differentiation medium for 5 days. In Stage III, early hepatocytes had matured and differentiated into HLCs after 10 days in HGF and OSM (
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Discussion
Here, we present a stepwise method that induces HLCs from hESCs in three stages. In the first stage, Activin A and CHIR99021 were used to differentiate hESCs into DE. In the second stage, KO-DMEM and DMSO were used to differentiate DE into hepatic progenitor cells. In the third stage, HZM plus HGF, OSM and hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate sodium salt were used to continue to differentiate hepatic progenitor cells into HLCs.
The following critical steps need to be taken into consideration w.......
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Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81870432 and 81570567 to X.L.Z.), (No. 81571994 to P.N.S.); the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No. 2020A1515010054 to P.N.S.), The Li Ka Shing Shantou University Foundation (No. L1111 2008 to P.N.S.). We would like to thank Prof. Stanley Lin from Shantou University Medical College for useful advice.
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Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Mercaptoethanol | Sigma | M7522 | For hepatic progenitor differentiation |
| 488 labeled goat against mouse IgG | ZSGB-BIO | ZF-0512 | For IF,second antibody |
| 488 labeled goat against Rabbit IgG | ZSGB-BIO | ZF-0516 | For IF,second antibody |
| Accutase | Stem Cell Technologies | 7920 | For cell passage |
| Activin A | peproTech | 120-14E | For definitive endoderm formation |
| Anti - Albumin (ALB) | Sigma-Aldrich | A6684 | For IF and WB, primary antibody |
| Anti - Human Oct4 | Abcam | Ab19587 | For IF, primary antibody |
| Anti - α-Fetoprotein (AFP) | Sigma-Aldrich | A8452 | For IF and WB, primary antibody |
| Anti -SOX17 | Abcam | ab224637 | For IF, primary antibody |
| Anti-Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) | Sigma-Aldrich | SAB1412164 | For IF, primary antibody |
| B-27 Supplement | Gibco | 17504-044 | For definitive endoderm formation |
| BSA | Beyotime | ST023-200g | For cell blocking |
| CHIR99021 | Sigma-Aldrich | SML1046 | For definitive endoderm formation |
| DAPI | Beyotime | C1006 | For nuclear staining |
| DEPC-water | Beyotime | R0021 | For RNA dissolution |
| DM3189 | MCE | HY-12071 | For definitive endoderm formation |
| DMEM/F12 | Gibco | 11320-033 | For cell culture |
| DMSO | Sigma-Aldrich | D5879 | For hepatic progenitor differentiation |
| DPBS | Gibco | 14190-144 | For cell culture |
| GlutaMAX | Gibco | 35050-061 | For hepatic progenitor differentiation |
| H&E staining kit | Beyotime | C0105S | For H&E staining |
| Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) | peproTech | 100-39 | For hepatocyte differentiation |
| HepatoZYME-SFM (HZM) | Gibco | 17705-021 | For hepatocyte differentiation |
| Hydrocortisone-21-hemisuccinate | Sigma-Aldrich | H4881 | For hepatocyte differentiation |
| Indocyanine | Sangon Biotech | A606326 | For Indocyanine staining |
| Knock Out DMEM | Gibco | 10829-018 | For hepatic progenitor differentiation |
| Knock Out SR Multi-Species | Gibco | A31815-02 | For hepatic progenitor differentiation |
| Matrigel hESC-qualified | Corning | 354277 | For cell culture |
| MEM NeAA | Gibco | 11140-050 | For hepatic progenitor differentiation |
| mTesR 5X Supplement | Stem Cell Technologies | 85852 | For cell culture |
| mTesR Basal Medium | Stem Cell Technologies | 85851 | For cell culture |
| Oncostatin (OSM) | peproTech | 300-10 | For hepatocyte differentiation |
| P450 - CYP3A4 (Luciferin - PFBE) | Promega | V8901 | For CYP450 activity |
| PAS staining kit | Solarbio | G1281 | For PAS staining |
| Pen/Strep | Gibco | 15140-122 | For cell differentiation |
| Peroxidase-Conjugated Goat anti-Mouse IgG | ZSGB-BIO | ZB-2305 | For WB,second antibody |
| Primary Antibody Dilution Buffer for Western Blot | Beyotime | P0256 | For primary antibody dilution |
| ReverTraAce qPCR RT Kit | TOYOBO | FSQ-101 | For cDNA Synthesis |
| RNAiso Plus | TaKaRa | 9109 | For RNA Isolation |
| RPMI 1640 | Gibco | 11875093 | For definitive endoderm formation |
| Skim milk | Sangon Biotech | A600669 | For second antibody preparation |
| SYBR Green Master Mix | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A25742 | For RT-PCR Analysis |
| Torin2 | MCE | HY-13002 | For definitive endoderm formation |
| Tween | Sigma-Aldrich | WXBB7485V | For washing buffer preparation |
References
- Hou, Y., Hu, S., Li, X., He, W., Wu, G. Amino Acid Metabolism in the Liver: Nutritional and Physiological Significance. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 1265, 21-37 (2020).
- Huang, C., Li, Q., Xu, W., Chen, L. Molecular....
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