Basement Membrane Matrix Encapsulated Cell Aggregation for Investigating Murine Spleen Tissue Formation

Summary

This article describes a protocol for aggregating and encapsulating spleen cells within a semi-solid basement membrane matrix. Basement membrane matrix constructs can be used in three-dimensional culture for studying organoid development, or for in vivo transplantation and tissue regeneration studies.

Abstract

The spleen is an immune organ that plays a key role in blood-borne immune responses. The anatomical or functional loss of this tissue increases susceptibility to severe blood infections and sepsis. Auto-transplantation of spleen slices has been used clinically to replace lost tissue and restore immune function. However, the mechanism driving robust and immunologically functional spleen tissue regeneration has not been fully elucidated. Here, we aim to develop a method for aggregating and encapsulating spleen cells within a semi-solid matrix in order to investigate the cellular requirements for spleen tissue formation. Basement membrane matrix encapsulated cell constructs are amenable to both in vitro tissue culture of three-dimensional organoids as well as transplantation under the kidney capsule to directly assess in vivo tissue formation. By manipulating the input cells for aggregation and encapsulation, we demonstrate that graft-derived PDGFRβ⁺MAdCAM-1^- neonatal stromal cells are required for spleen tissue regeneration under animal transplantation models.

Introduction

Traumatic rupture of the spleen and the appearance of multiple splenic nodules in the body was one of the first indications that spleen tissue harbored regenerative capacity^1,2. Spleen auto-transplantations were later introduced into the clinic to preserve spleen tissue in patients requiring emergency splenectomy³. Yet, despite being a part of clinical practice for decades, very little is known about how the spleen regenerates. Animal transplantation models have provided insight into multiple parameters of spleen regeneration and immune function^4,

Protocol

All animal procedures were conducted according to experimental protocols approved by the University of Queensland Animal Ethics Committee (UQBR/079/19).

1. Tissue collection and stromal cell preparation

1. Euthanize 0.5-1.5 day-old male and/or female BALB/c neonatal donor mice by induction of hypothermia by wrapping animals inside the tissue paper and placing them under crushed ice for >10 min.
   NOTE: This protocol can be adapted to different mouse strains, ages, and the number of animals.
2. Prepare sterile surgical instruments.
3. Lay the mouse in a right lateral position. Swab the skin wi....

Results

Cell aggregation is important for promoting cell-to-cell contact and signaling. Encasing cell aggregates inside the basement membrane matrix supported both 3-dimensional cultures for in vitro tissue organoid formation and facilitated the mechanical delivery of cells into the kidney capsule for graft transplantation. To establish these constructs, the basement membrane matrix was first maintained in a fluidic state under ice-cold conditions. Cell aggregation was subsequently achieved by layering a concentrated ce.......

Discussion

The aggregation of neonatal spleen cells inside a semi-solid medium represents a viable method for generating spleen constructs. Similar basement membrane matrix-based protocols have been used to initiate three-dimensional spleen cultures¹⁰. Here, we demonstrate that spleen constructs are equally amenable to in vitro organoid culture systems as well as to in vivo transplantation models. Of note, the transplantation of in vitro cultured spleen organoids has not yet been t.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
96 Well Polypropylene 1.2 mL Cluster Tubes	Corning	CLS4401	For placing inside a 14 ml conical tube
B-mercaptoethanol	Gibco	21985023	Stock 55 mM, use at 50 uM
Collagenase D	Roche	11088858001
Collagenase IV	Sigma-Aldrich	C5138	From Clostridium histolyticum
Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I)	Sigma-Aldrich	D4513	Deoxyribonuclease I from bovine pancreas,Type II-S, lyophilized powder, Protein ≥80 %, ≥2,000 units/mg protein
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM)	Sigma-Aldrich	D5796	4500 mg/L Glucose, L-Glutamine, and Sodium Bicarbonate, without Sodium Pyruvate, Liquid. Sterile Filtered.
Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)	Sigma-Aldrich	D8537	Without calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, sterile-filtered
Eclipse 200 μl Pipette Tips	Labcon	1030-260-000	Bevel Point
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)	Gibco	26140-079	Lot# 1382243
GlutaMAX	Gibco	35050061	Stock 100X, use at 1X
Matrigel	Corning	354263	Matrigel matrix basement membrane High Concentration, Lot# 7330186
MEM Non-essential Amino Acids	Gibco	11140076	Stock 100X, use at 1X
Penicillin/Streptomycin	Gibco	15140122	Stock 10,000 units/ml Penicillin, 10,000 ug/ml Streptomycin
Reversible Cell Strainer	STEMCELL Technologies	27216	70 μm
Ring Tweezers	NAPOX	A-26	Ring size: 3 mm
Rock Inhibitor (Y-27632)	MedChemExpres	HY-10071
Thermofisher Heraeus Megafuge 40R Centrifuge	Thermofisher		Acceleration and deceleration speeds were set to 8
Ultra Fine Tweezers	EMS	78340-51S	Style 51S. Antimagnetic/anti-acid SA low carbon austenitic steel tweezers are corrosion resistant. Anti-glare satin finish.
Vicryl 5/0 Suture Ligapak Reel	Ethicon	J283G
Wiretrol II Long Wire Plunger	Drummond	5-000-2002-L	Stainless Steel Plunger, 25 & 50 μL/WRTL II, Long
Wound Clip Applier	MikRon	427630
Wound Clips	MikRon	427631	9 mm