Gastrointestinal diseases (GID) are prevalent worldwide, with estimates of total incidence as high as 29% of the total population. GID represents a range of conditions which include chronic and presumably genetic disorders such as Crohn’s and Celiac diseases, acute diseases associated with damage of the alimentary tract such as ulcers, and more enigmatic conditions wherein symptoms are not easily explained by biochemical or physical abnormalities. In recent years, balance of the gut microbiome has garnered intense interest as a possible origin of unexplained GID symptoms along with a link to longer term neurological conditions through a gut-brain interaction. Treatment of GID can be complicated by the high chemical flux of the digestive system which requires large doses leading to high levels of systemic exposure. Consequently, nanomedical approaches to treatment of GID are attractive. Medicinal nanoparticles are typically not administered orally due to poor to no uptake in healthy intestinal tissues. However, when gastrointestinal disease is present, affected tissues can exhibit increased uptake, or other abnormal characteristics which facilitate direct targeting and analysis of those tissues. This collection will cover nanomedical approaches which can provide diagnosis and intervention of gastrointestinal illness.