Kidney disease (such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI)) is a worldwide public health problem. Kidney diseases involve many types of cells, including mesangial cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells (podocyte) and tubular cells. Additionally, there are many types of kidney disease rodent models, such as: (1) CKD (diabetic kidney disease, chronic glomerular disease, renal sclerosis, renal fibrosis and renal involvement of collagen diseases) and (2) AKI (Ischemia-reperfusion, sepsis induced and drug/toxin induced). This methods collection details how to purify, culture and analyze various renal cells, as well as how to induce and analyze kidney disease rodent models. These models are interesting and helpful for researchers engaged in the study of the physiology and pathology of kidney diseases.