Optical Redox Ratio
Optical Redox Ratio - Related Videos
04:56
Redox Reactions - Concepts
0 Views •
2020
Oxidation and Reduction Some chemical reactions can be classified as reduction-oxidation reactions, or redox reactions. Oxidation is the process of matter, like an atom or ionic molecule, losing one or more electrons, and reduction is the process of the matter gaining one or more electrons. Oxidation States Each atom in a molecule has its own oxidation state or oxidation number. The oxidation state describes how oxidized a molecule is relative to its free elemental form. The oxidation state is...
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Redox Reactions
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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Balancing Redox Equations
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2020
Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
11:37
Cellular Redox Profiling Using High-content Microscopy
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Cited by 7 •
2017
This paper presents a high-content microscopy workflow for simultaneous quantification of intracellular ROS levels, as well as mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology – jointly referred to as mitochondrial morphofunction – in living adherent cells using the cell-permeant fluorescent reporter molecules 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) and tetramethylrhodamine methylester (TMRM).
12:22
Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells
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Cited by 46 •
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We describe the use of two ratiometric, genetically encoded biosensors, which are based on GFP, to monitor mitochondrial redox state and ATP levels at subcellular resolution in living yeast cells.
FAQs
The measured ratio shifts when electron transfer changes the balance between reduced NAD(P)H and oxidized flavins, including FAD. Because oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis influence that balance, fluorescence changes can reflect metabolic-state differences rather than merely changes in cell number. This makes the metric useful for examining how cellular energy-related processes respond within engineered biological systems.
NAD(P)H and FAD provide complementary endogenous fluorescence signals associated with different redox states. Comparing their relative intensities captures changes in the balance between reduced and oxidized molecules more informatively than considering either signal alone. In bioengineering studies, this paired measurement can help reveal metabolic differences among cells or regions within an engineered tissue.
The optical redox ratio uses autofluorescence from molecules already present in cells, so it does not require exogenous labels. This label-free feature supports noninvasive observation during tissue development and other changing conditions. By avoiding added fluorescent reagents, the approach can provide metabolic information while supporting real-time monitoring of engineered tissues, disease models, and biomaterials.
During fluorescence imaging, endogenous reduced NAD(P)H and oxidized flavins such as FAD are excited to produce autofluorescence signals. The relative intensities of these signals are then compared to calculate the metric. Repeating this measurement across cells, regions, or time points allows investigators to examine metabolic state, changes during development, and variation within an engineered tissue.
Researchers can apply it when they need noninvasive metabolic information from engineered tissues, biomaterials, or disease models. Relevant uses include monitoring tissue development, evaluating cell viability or differentiation, and observing responses to therapeutic or environmental conditions. Because measurements can be made without exogenous labels, the approach is suited to tracking biological changes over time.
Measurements can provide information about cell viability, differentiation, stress, and metabolic heterogeneity. In an engineered tissue, spatial differences in the relative NAD(P)H and flavin signals may indicate that cells or regions occupy different metabolic states. Tracking those differences during development or treatment can help characterize how the construct responds to its biological or environmental context.