Antibody Functions
Antibody Functions - Related Videos
04:20
Functional Assessment of Antibody-Secreting B Cells Using ELISpot Assay
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2025
This video demonstrates the use of the ELISpot assay to assess the function of antibody-secreting B cells, ASCs. The antibodies secreted by the ASCs interact with the membrane-bound polyclonal antibody fragments, which are detected by the enzyme-conjugated IgG or IgM antibodies. The colored spot produced in each well indicates the presence of the specific antibody's isotype, which correlates with the B cells' secretory activity.
13:42
Measurement of Antibody Effects on Cellular Function of Isolated Cardiomyocytes
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Cited by 3 •
2013
The presented method offers a way to detect functional effective cardiotropic autoantibodies in the plasma of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, irrespective of the specific antigen, by analysing the impact of isolated patient immunoglobulin on cellular shortening and intracellular calcium transients in isolated rat cardiomyocytes.
05:30
Assessing Functional SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies
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2026
Source:Kelly Da Costa1, Diego Cantoni1,2, Martin Mayora-Neto1, Tobia Fantoni1,3, Nigel Temperton11Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent.2MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow.3Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona.This video showcases a neutralization assay measuring serum efficacy in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 viruses. It involves pseudotyped viruses, serum dilution, and...
03:03
Measuring the Activation of Fc-Mediated Effector Functions by HA Antibodies
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay measuring the antibody-mediated activation of T cell effector functions. Adding an influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA)-specific monoclonal antibody to transfected mammalian cells expressing HA results in the formation of immune complexes with HA. Upon introducing engineered T cells expressing Fc receptors and a luciferase reporter, the T cells are activated by the antibody-HA complexes, and this activation is detected by adding a luciferase substrate and...
11:57
Studying Protein Function and the Role of Altered Protein Expression by Antibody Interference and Three-dimensional Reconstructions
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Cited by 2 •
2016
Controlling protein expression is not only essential to every organism alive, but also an important strategy to investigate protein functions in cellular models. The protocol presented shows the application of antibody interference in mammalian cells including primary hippocampal neurons and demonstrates the use of three-dimensional reconstructions in studying protein function.
FAQs
The variable region determines which antigen an antibody can recognize, whereas the constant region determines how that recognition is communicated to other immune defenses. This separation allows antibodies with different antigen specificities to trigger related outcomes, including toxin or virus neutralization, enhanced phagocytosis, complement activation, or recruitment of immune cells through Fc receptors.
Fc receptors allow immune cells to respond to the constant region of antibodies after the variable region has bound an antigen. This connection can recruit immune cells to antibody-marked targets and link antigen recognition with cellular activity. In this way, antibodies coordinate adaptive recognition with defenses carried out by other immune cells.
Opsonization marks a target so that phagocytic cells can recognize and engulf it more effectively. Antibodies contribute to this process after binding foreign molecules or pathogens, using their constant regions to promote interactions with immune defenses. Studying opsonization helps explain how antibody recognition can translate into physical removal of antibody-coated targets.
Neutralization directly limits the activity of toxins or viruses by preventing their harmful action, while complement activation engages a separate immune defense pathway after antibodies bind their targets. Both outcomes depend on antibody recognition, but they illustrate different roles for the constant region. Distinguishing them helps researchers interpret how antibodies protect against different threats.
In infection research, investigators examine whether antibodies recognize pathogen-related antigens and whether that recognition supports neutralization, opsonization, complement activation, or immune-cell recruitment. Vaccination research uses the same functional framework to assess protective immune responses. These comparisons help connect antigen recognition with the types of defense activity produced by antibodies.
Antibody functions support diagnostic tests by providing specific antigen recognition, which can help identify biological targets associated with disease or other conditions. Therapeutic research builds on antibody-mediated activities such as neutralization, immune-cell recruitment, and complement activation. These applications also extend to autoimmune disease and cancer, where researchers study abnormal immune recognition and targeted immune effects.