Vaccine Development
Vaccine Development - Related Videos
01:51
Vaccinations
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2019
Overview Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material from pathogens to confer immunity against a specific microorganism. Vaccination primes the immune system to recognize and mount an immune response faster and more effectively if the real pathogen is encountered. Vaccinations are one of the most efficient ways to protect both individual humans and the general public from disease. A growing anti-vaccination skepticism risks the successes of vaccination programs that helped reduce...
10:03
Generation of Recombinant Arenavirus for Vaccine Development in FDA-Approved Vero Cells
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Cited by 24 •
2013
Rescue of recombinant arenaviruses from cloned cDNAs, an approach referred to as reverse genetics, allows researchers to investigate the role of specific viral gene products, as well as the contribution of their different specific domains and residues, to many different aspects of the biology of arenavirus. Likewise, reverse genetics techniques in FDA-approved cell lines (Vero) for vaccine development provides novel possibilities for the generation of effective and safe vaccines to combat human...
06:17
Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
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Cited by 27 •
2016
Here, we present a protocol for synthesizing virus-like particles using either baculovirus or mammalian expression systems, and ultracentrifugation purification. This highly customizable approach is used to identify viral antigens as vaccine targets in a safe and flexible manner.
07:33
Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
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Cited by 18 •
2014
Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination often fails to stimulate strong immune responses due to week drainage of the vaccine to lymph nodes and consequently poor involvement of immune cells. By direct injection of vaccine to lymph nodes, so-called intralymphatic injection, vaccine efficacy can be strongly improved and vaccine doses can be reduced.
13:36
Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
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Cited by 1 •
2015
Here, we present a protocol to generate a proof-of-principle divalent adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector Ad5/H5-HVR1-KWAS-HVR5-His6 by utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation strategy. This vector was demonstrated to exhibit qualitative fitness, the capability to escape Ad5-positive sera in vitro, and the antigenicity as well as immunogenicity to the incorporated antigens.
FAQs
Antigen selection determines which pathogen-derived or disease-associated target the immune system will encounter. Developers evaluate candidates through laboratory studies before advancing them, because the selected antigen must support assessment of the intended immune response. This decision connects molecular design with later testing and helps determine whether a candidate can generate useful immunological memory.
These platforms differ in how they present an antigen. A purified protein supplies a selected component, a weakened or inactivated microorganism presents material from the organism, and a genetic instruction directs antigen production. Each provides an alternative route for stimulating adaptive immunity, so comparing platforms can guide improvements in vaccine design and delivery systems.
Immunological memory allows the adaptive immune system to retain information about a presented antigen after the initial response. Vaccine development therefore assesses more than the immediate interaction with a target; it also considers whether the candidate supports a lasting, specific immune response. This biological outcome underlies the goal of preparing the body to respond to a pathogen or disease-associated target.
A candidate generally progresses from antigen selection and laboratory studies to preclinical evaluation, clinical trials, and production. Each stage contributes different evidence before the vaccine moves forward. This sequence allows developers to refine the design, examine biological responses, assess safety and efficacy, and support the transition from an experimental candidate to a usable vaccine.
Preclinical evaluation examines a candidate before testing in clinical trials, while clinical trials assess safety, immune responses, and efficacy. Together, these stages provide complementary evidence about whether the design produces the intended biological response and whether it performs acceptably in further evaluation. Their findings help determine how a candidate should be improved or advanced.
Vaccine development provides a framework for moving from identification of a pathogen or disease-associated target toward tested preventive tools. For emerging infections, this work can guide antigen selection, platform improvement, delivery-system development, and evaluation of immune responses. Its broader biological and public health relevance lies in supporting disease prevention and strengthening responses when new infectious threats appear.