Apoplastic Bacteria Extraction
Apoplastic Bacteria Extraction - Related Videos
02:28
Extraction of Apoplastic Bacteria Using a Syringe-Based Pressure Method
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2025
Source: Rufián, J. S., et al, Single-Cell Analysis of the Expression of Pseudomonas syringae Genes within the Plant Tissue. J. Vis. Exp. (2022)This video demonstrates a syringe-based pressure method for extracting apoplastic bacteria, which proliferate and form microcolonies within the apoplast, the intercellular space between plant cells. The method yields debris-free bacterial samples suitable for downstream single-cell analysis.
03:54
Extraction and Purification of Plastoglobules from Photosynthetic Bacteria
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2025
Source: Shivaiah, K., et al. Plastoglobule Lipid Droplet Isolation from Plant Leaf Tissue and Cyanobacteria. J. Vis. Exp. (2022)The video demonstrates the isolation of plastoglobules from cyanobacteria. It begins with a culture of cyanobacteria and proceeds through cell disruption using mechanical force. The release of photosynthetic pigments indicates successful lysis. A sucrose step gradient is then used to separate cellular components by density, allowing low-density plastoglobules to form a...
02:06
The Apoplast and Symplast
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2026
Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
10:26
The Infiltration-centrifugation Technique for Extraction of Apoplastic Fluid from Plant Leaves Using Phaseolus vulgaris as an Example
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Cited by 100 •
2014
This protocol details the optimized extraction of apoplast washing fluid from plant leaves, using French bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) as a model example.
05:33
Apoplast-Extraction Based Method to Improve the Purity of Plant Produced Recombinant Protein
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Cited by 2 •
2024
The purification of recombinant proteins from plant systems is usually challenged by plant proteins. This work provides a method to effectively extract and purify a secreted recombinant protein from the apoplast of Nicotiana benthamiana.
FAQs
Removing surface-associated microbes helps distinguish bacteria located within plant tissues from organisms attached externally. Without this separation, the recovered sample could combine surface and internal populations, making bacterial counts, cultures, or composition analyses difficult to interpret. This step is therefore essential when the research question concerns internal colonization or microbial interactions with host tissues.
Vacuum infiltration introduces extraction buffer into the tissue and promotes contact with the apoplastic space. The buffer can then carry bacteria from that extracellular compartment into the recovered fluid. This mechanism supports sampling of internal microbial populations while reducing reliance on organisms that remain on the tissue surface.
After buffer infiltration, centrifugation helps release or collect apoplastic fluids containing bacteria from the plant tissue. The resulting fluid provides material for downstream quantification, culturing, or analysis of microbial composition. Because the recovered sample reflects the fluid extracted from internal tissue spaces, centrifugation is a key transition between tissue handling and bacterial assessment.
A typical workflow first removes microbes associated with the plant surface, then introduces extraction buffer through vacuum infiltration. Centrifugation follows to recover apoplastic fluids containing bacteria. Researchers can subsequently quantify the microorganisms, culture them, or examine their composition and interactions with host tissues, depending on the biological question.
Recovered apoplastic fluid can support bacterial quantification and culturing, as well as analysis of microbial composition. These measurements help characterize which microorganisms occupy internal plant compartments and provide evidence about their abundance or recoverability. The material can also contribute to studies of how microbial populations interact with host tissues.
The method is useful for investigating bacterial colonization, plant-microbe communication, disease development, and beneficial endophytes. By focusing on microorganisms associated with internal plant compartments, it helps connect bacterial presence with host-tissue interactions. This makes the approach relevant to both harmful and beneficial plant-associated bacteria in biological research.