Blood Glucose Regulation
Blood Glucose Regulation - Related Videos
01:02
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
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2024
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles. During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
01:16
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
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2024
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced. In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
06:28
A Simple Flow Cytometric Method to Measure Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter Expression for Monocyte Subpopulations in Whole Blood
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Cited by 13 •
2016
Monocytes are integral components of the human innate immune system that rely on glycolytic metabolism when activated. We describe a flow cytometry protocol to measure glucose transporter expression and glucose uptake by total monocytes and monocyte subpopulations in fresh whole blood.
08:01
A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli
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2016
The authors introduce a method for manipulating blood glucose and measuring resulting changes in cognitive accessibility of target words using a lexical decision task.
02:23
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Measuring Glucose Metabolism in Mice
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2023
This video introduces how to perform an oral glucose tolerance test on a laboratory mouse.
FAQs
Insulin coordinates two complementary responses to rising blood glucose. It promotes glucose uptake by muscle and adipose cells, making these tissues important destinations for circulating glucose. At the same time, it encourages the liver to convert glucose into glycogen, a stored form. This division of activity helps remove glucose from the blood while preserving an immediately available energy reserve.
When blood glucose decreases, pancreatic alpha cells release glucagon. This hormone acts on the liver and stimulates it to release glucose stored as glycogen. The response supplies glucose to the circulation during periods when incoming glucose is limited. Glucagon therefore provides the counterbalancing signal to insulin and helps prevent blood glucose from falling excessively.
Negative feedback links changes in blood glucose to hormonal responses that oppose those changes. A rise after eating triggers insulin release, while a fall activates glucagon release. Because these hormones produce opposing effects, their actions help limit fluctuations rather than amplify them. This control principle is important for maintaining a stable supply of glucose to cells.
Insulin favors glucose removal from the bloodstream and storage, including uptake by muscle and adipose cells and glycogen formation in the liver. Glucagon has the opposite overall effect when glucose is low, stimulating hepatic release of stored glucose. Their opposing actions allow the body to shift between storing glucose after meals and mobilizing it when needed.
A post-meal increase in blood glucose is detected by the pancreas, whose beta cells release insulin. Insulin then promotes glucose uptake by muscle and adipose cells and encourages the liver to store glucose as glycogen. These responses reduce the immediate glucose load in the blood and illustrate how hormonal signaling connects a nutritional change with metabolic action.
Blood glucose regulation provides a framework for investigating diabetes, obesity, and endocrine disorders because these conditions relate to the control of glucose availability and hormonal action. It also informs nutrition research and therapies designed to improve glucose control. Studying the insulin-glucagon system helps researchers examine how metabolism maintains stability and where regulation may become disrupted.