Cross Pollination
Cross Pollination - Related Videos
02:40
Pollination and Flower Structure
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2020
Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs. Flowers must be pollinated to produce seeds. In angiosperms, pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of the stamen (the male structure) to the stigma of the carpel (the female structure). Flowers may be self-pollinated or cross-pollinated.
07:19
Field Experiments of Pollination Ecology: The Case of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea
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Cited by 1 •
2016
To reveal the pollinator effectiveness of a given plant species, multiple methods of field experiments have been developed. This study demonstrates the basic methods of field experiments for pollination ecology using the case study of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea and the novel pollination mechanism, breaking-bud pollination.
08:35
Methods for Performing Crosses in Setaria viridis, a New Model System for the Grasses
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Cited by 31 •
2013
We have developed a methodology for performing crosses in Setaria viridis (S. viridis). The method involves pruning the panicle prior to a hot water treatment to kill viable pollen. Crosses are performed following a well-controlled growth regime and typically result in the recovery of 1 to 7 cross-pollinated seed/s per panicle.
08:45
Genetic Crosses
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2023
To dissect genetic processes or create organisms with novel suites of traits, scientists can perform genetic crosses, or the purposeful mating of two organisms. The recombination of parental genetic material in the offspring allows researchers to deduce the functions, interactions, and locations of genes. This video will examine how genetic crosses were influential in developing Mendel's three laws of inheritance, which form the basis of our understanding of genetics. One genetic crossing...
07:03
Establishing Pollination Requirements in Japanese Plum by Phenological Monitoring, Hand Pollinations, Fluorescence Microscopy and Molecular Genotyping
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Cited by 6 •
2020
A methodology for the determination of pollination requirements in Japanese plum-type hybrids is described, which combines field- and laboratory-pollinations and observations of pollen tubes under the fluorescence microscopy with the identification of S-genotypes by PCR and the monitoring of flowering for the selection of pollinizers.
FAQs
Compatibility at the stigma determines whether transferred pollen can proceed toward fertilization. Once pollen reaches a compatible stigma, it germinates and produces a tube that grows through the style, carrying sperm cells to the reproductive tissues. This sequence connects pollen transfer with successful fertilization, so pollen arrival alone does not guarantee seed formation.
Transport agents determine how pollen travels between flowering plants. Wind, water, insects, birds, and other animals can carry pollen, allowing flowers on separate plants to participate in reproduction. Their role is primarily to move the pollen, while stigma compatibility and subsequent tube growth determine whether that movement can lead to fertilization.
Using pollen from a different plant introduces genetic contributions from separate parents into the resulting offspring. This promotes greater genetic variation within a flowering plant population than would result from relying on a single plant's reproductive contribution. Such variation provides the biological diversity associated with adaptation and evolutionary change.
The stigma must be compatible with the incoming pollen for the next reproductive steps to occur. Compatible pollen germinates, grows a tube through the style, and delivers sperm cells for fertilization. Consequently, the outcome depends on more than successful transport: recognition at the stigma and continued tube growth are essential links in the process.
Controlled crosses allow breeders to combine selected parent plants rather than leaving pollen transfer entirely to naturally occurring agents. By directing reproduction between chosen plants, breeders can pursue offspring with desirable characteristics, including disease resistance, higher yield, or particular flower traits. The approach links the reproductive mechanism with deliberate improvement of cultivated plants.
Cross Pollination contributes to genetically diverse offspring within flowering plant populations. That diversity can support adaptation when populations encounter changing conditions, and over time it contributes to evolutionary change. In biology, the process therefore matters beyond individual fertilization: it connects reproductive interactions among plants with variation at the population level and with longer-term biological change.