Epitope Recognition
Epitope Recognition - Related Videos
13:58
Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells
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Cited by 28 •
2012
This protocol describes the use of peptide:MHC tetramers and magnetic microbeads to isolate low frequency populations of epitope-specific T cells and analyze them by flow cytometry. This method enables the direct study of endogenous T cell populations of interest from in vivo experimental systems.
11:55
Physiological Correlates of Emotion Recognition
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Jonas T. Kaplan and Sarah I. Gimbel—University of Southern California The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls the activity of the body's internal organs and regulates changes in their activity depending on the current environment. The vagus nerve, which innervates many of the internal organs, is an important part of the system. When our brain senses danger, vagal tone is inhibited, leading to a set of changes in the body designed to make us more prepared to fight or...
07:59
A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes
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Cited by 21 •
2014
Biochemical assays with recombinant human MHC II molecules can provide rapid, quantitative insights into immunogenic epitope identification, deletion, or design. Here, a peptide-MHC II binding assay scaled to 384-well plates is described. This cost effective format should prove useful in the fields of protein deimmunization and vaccine design and development.
13:41
Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
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Cited by 9 •
2012
Characterizing T-cell epitopes of pathogens that cause localized infections such as human papillomavirus is a challenge because of limited number of T cells in circulation. A method is described in which rare T cells were isolated and were characterized starting with a very small number of cells.
01:22
Revenue Recognition
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2025
The revenue recognition principle is a central guideline in accrual accounting that dictates when revenue should be recorded in financial statements. It requires that revenue be recognized when a company satisfies a performance obligation, meaning when it has delivered goods or completed services as agreed in a contract, regardless of when the customer pays. This principle ensures that income is reported in the accounting period in which it is actually earned, providing a more accurate...
FAQs
Specificity depends on how well the receptor surface complements the epitope’s chemical structure. Shape, charge, and hydrophobicity all contribute to the interaction, so even a small structural difference can alter binding. This helps explain why immune receptors distinguish related molecular targets and why changes in an antigen may modify the resulting immune response.
B-cell receptors can recognize epitopes that are exposed as continuous linear sequences or formed by the antigen’s three-dimensional folding. T-cell receptors instead recognize peptide fragments when they are presented by major histocompatibility complex molecules. This distinction means that receptor type and the way an antigen is displayed both influence which molecular features become immunologically visible.
A mutation can modify an epitope’s shape, charge, or hydrophobicity, changing its complementarity with an immune receptor. It may also affect whether a B-cell receptor can access a three-dimensional feature or whether a peptide is appropriately presented for T-cell recognition. Predicting these changes helps researchers anticipate altered immune responses and investigate variation in infectious disease.
Researchers can use information about recognized epitopes to focus vaccine design on molecular features capable of guiding a targeted immune response. The same principle supports antibody development by identifying antigen regions that immune receptors can distinguish. Understanding these recognition patterns can help connect antigen structure with immune specificity, memory, and the selection of useful antibody targets.
Diagnostic assay development can rely on selective interactions between immune receptors and their target epitopes. By examining which molecular features are recognized, researchers can support the design of tests intended to distinguish particular antigens or immune responses. The specificity of these interactions is relevant when developing tools for detecting or characterizing biological targets in research settings.
In infectious disease research, mapping recognized epitopes can help investigators examine how antigen changes may influence immune responses. In autoimmune disease analysis, the same framework helps researchers study immune recognition directed toward the body’s own molecular features. Together, these applications connect receptor specificity with disease mechanisms and provide context for investigating altered or misdirected immunity.