Humanized Mice
Humanized Mice - Related Videos
06:55
Bioengineering Human Microvascular Networks in Immunodeficient Mice
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Cited by 21 •
2011
Here, we describe a methodology to deliver human cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embedded in a collagen/fibronectin gel, subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. This cell/gel combination generates a human vascular network that connects with the mouse vasculature.
10:35
Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
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Cited by 15 •
2013
Human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice are valuable tools to study cancer biology. Specific protocols to generate subcutaneous and intrahepatic xenografts from human hepatocellular carcinoma cells or tumor fragments are described. Liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy in recipient mice is presented as a strategy to facilitate intrahepatic engraftment.
07:27
Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice, a Model for Studying Human HSK
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Cited by 17 •
2012
Most studies of herpetic corneal disease use a primary infection model. However, primary infection with HSV-1 does not typically lead to human disease. Here we describe a recurrent model of herpetic corneal disease, which more closely mimics human disease.
04:50
Delivering Effector T Lymphocytes into Mice Carrying Human Brain Tumors
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2025
This video demonstrates a stereotaxic injection technique for administering human effector T lymphocytes into a murine model carrying a human brain tumor. Upon positioning a tumor-bearing anesthetized mouse on a stereotactic frame and creating a burr hole at the injection location on the skull, effector T lymphocytes are injected at the tumor site.
07:55
Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice
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Cited by 8 •
2011
A method is described to propagate human retinoblastoma tumors in mice. Tumor cells are directly injected into the eyes of immune deficient mice. Secondary tumors have been successfully established using both cells directly harvested from human tumors and cultured tumorspheres.
FAQs
Model design determines which aspects of human biology can be examined. Investigators may introduce human hematopoietic stem cells, peripheral blood cells, tissue grafts, genes, or immune-system components, with each option supplying a different human feature for study. The resulting model places those elements within a living physiological setting, allowing researchers to examine their behavior rather than only isolated cells.
Reduced immune rejection is central to successful human-cell engraftment. Immunodeficient mouse strains provide a setting in which transplanted human hematopoietic stem cells, peripheral blood cells, or tissue grafts can persist and function. This design does not eliminate every interpretive constraint, because the model still combines human biological components with a mouse organism and therefore may not reproduce all human responses.
Their value comes from combining human biological elements with the controlled, living context of a mouse. This arrangement can expose interactions among human cells, tissues, or immune components during disease or treatment studies. However, species-specific limitations mean results require careful interpretation, especially when researchers consider how closely a finding may translate to patients.
Model generation generally begins with an immunodeficient mouse strain, followed by transplantation or introduction of the selected human component. Possible inputs include hematopoietic stem cells, peripheral blood cells, tissue grafts, genes, or immune-system components. Researchers then assess whether those elements engraft and function within the animal before using the model to investigate a biological question.
These models support investigations of immune responses, infectious disease, cancer, transplantation, and drug safety or efficacy. Their particular contribution is the ability to examine human biological features in vivo, meaning within a living animal, under controlled experimental conditions. That combination can help connect cellular or tissue behavior with disease mechanisms and preclinical treatment outcomes.
Findings can reveal disease mechanisms and provide evidence about drug safety or efficacy, but they are not direct substitutes for patient studies. The human components may improve relevance to human biology, while the surrounding mouse physiology introduces species-specific differences. Researchers therefore need to treat results as informative preclinical evidence and account for possible limits in translation.