In Ovo Procedures
In Ovo Procedures - Related Videos
17:23
Chick ex ovo Culture and ex ovo CAM Assay: How it Really Works
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Cited by 110 •
2009
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a unique, naturally immunodeficient supportive culture environment to study angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. This video article demonstrates the different steps in chick ex ovo culture, application of potentially angiogenic substances and successful inoculation of tumor cells and tissues on the surface of the CAM.
06:48
Chick ex ovo Culture
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2023
One strength of the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) as a model organism for developmental biology is that the embryo develops outside the female and is easily accessible for experimental manipulation. Many techniques allow scientists to examine chicken embryos inside the eggshell (in ovo), but embryonic access can be limited at later stages of development. Fortunately, chicks can also be cultured ex ovo, or outside of the eggshell. The major advantage to ex ovo culture is greater access to...
06:57
In ovo Electroporation of Chicken Embryos
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2023
Electroporation is a technique used in biomedical research that allows for the manipulation of gene expression via the delivery of foreign genetic material into cells. More specifically, in ovo electroporation is performed on early developing chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) contained within their eggshells. In this procedure, DNA or knockdown constructs are first injected into a target tissue. However, the genetic material is unable to penetrate the plasma membrane to carry out its function...
06:10
Gene Transfer into Older Chicken Embryos by ex ovo Electroporation
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Cited by 2 •
2012
A method of gene transfer into chicken embryos at later incubation stages (older than Hamburger and Hamilton stage (HH) 22) is described. This method overcomes disadvantages of in ovo electroporation applied to older chicken embryos and is a useful technique to study gene function and regulation at older developmental stages.
10:14
In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem
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Cited by 6 •
2017
Auditory brainstem neurons of avians and mammals are specialized for fast neural encoding, a fundamental process for normal hearing functions. These neurons arise from distinct precursors of embryonic hindbrain. We present techniques utilizing electroporation to express genes in the hindbrain of chicken embryos to study gene function during auditory development.
FAQs
A small opening or window gives researchers access to the embryo or to extraembryonic compartments while the egg remains under controlled incubation. This arrangement allows a selected material to be introduced before hatching without removing the embryo from its broader developmental setting. The approach is therefore useful for examining how interventions affect development, tissue formation, or gene function.
The target compartment determines where the delivered material is introduced and which biological process can be examined. Researchers may work directly with the developing embryo or use associated extraembryonic compartments, depending on the experimental question. This distinction helps align the intervention with studies of embryonic development, tissue formation, host-pathogen interactions, or gene function.
In ovo experiments can deliver cells, genes, drugs, pathogens, or other materials under controlled conditions. Each category supports a different research question, such as testing gene function, examining cellular contributions to tissue formation, evaluating drug effects, or modeling host-pathogen interactions. The selected material therefore connects the procedure to a specific biological mechanism or experimental outcome.
They provide a tractable way to investigate vertebrate biology during embryonic development. Because researchers can study tissue formation, gene function, and interactions between a developing host and a pathogen within an incubating egg, the method connects experimental manipulation with developmental outcomes. This makes it relevant to both fundamental biology and studies that evaluate potential interventions.
A typical workflow begins by maintaining the developing egg under controlled incubation, creating a small shell opening or window, accessing the intended embryonic or extraembryonic site, and delivering the selected material. Researchers then examine the resulting biological effects in relation to the experimental question. The workflow preserves the incubation setting while enabling a defined intervention before hatching.
Researchers choose this approach when the question concerns events occurring before hatching, including embryonic development, tissue formation, gene function, or host-pathogen interactions. It also permits interventions while the embryo remains within its natural incubation environment. Consequently, the method is suited to examining how cells, genes, drugs, pathogens, or other materials influence development at an embryonic stage.
In agriculture and biotechnology, in ovo vaccination applies the procedure to immunize poultry embryos before hatching. The intervention is delivered during development rather than after the birds emerge, linking embryonic access with a practical poultry application. This use illustrates how the same experimental framework can support both biological investigation and biotechnology-related strategies.