Interleukin-4
Interleukin-4 - Related Videos
03:33
Evaluating the Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin-10 Deficient Mouse
0 Views •
2025
This video demonstrates a procedure of fecal microbiota transplantation in an interleukin-10 deficient mouse with colon inflammation. Colonized fecal microbes in the gut release secondary metabolites, eliciting anti-inflammatory cytokine release and reducing colon inflammation.
08:43
Microinjection of Interleukin-6 into the Bloodstream of TSC Zebrafish Larvae to Study Neuropsychiatric Disorder-Like Behaviors
0 Views •
2026
To model how inflammatory signals influence neurodevelopment in genetically susceptible organisms, we present a protocol for microinjecting IL-6 into the duct of Cuvier (common cardinal vein) of zebrafish larvae, enabling controlled induction of inflammation and assessment of its developmental impact in the context of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).
09:36
Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures
0 Views •
Cited by 8 •
2016
Here, we present an overview of the preparation and animal handling procedures required to safely perform medical imaging in an animal biosafety level 4 laboratory. Computed tomography of a mock-infected guinea pig illustrates these procedures that may be used to evaluate the disease caused by a high consequence pathogen.
![Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F60786.jpg%3Fv%3D2026-09-01%252015%253A47%253A42&w=750&q=75)
07:12
Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
0 Views •
2020
New routes for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles utilizing cercosporin as a metal-free photocatalyst were developed.
01:23
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
0 Views •
2024
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
FAQs
After IL-4 binds its receptor, the JAK-STAT6 pathway is activated. This signaling cascade changes gene expression in the responding cell, allowing an external cytokine signal to produce coordinated changes in immune-cell development and communication. The pathway therefore connects receptor engagement with the cellular programs associated with type 2 immune responses, rather than acting as an isolated molecular event.
Its effects are distributed across several immune-cell populations. In naïve T cells, the signal favors differentiation toward the Th2 lineage; in B cells, it promotes class switching to immunoglobulin E; and in macrophages, it influences activation. This coordinated reach helps explain how one cytokine can shape multiple parts of a type 2 response.
Activated T helper 2 cells, mast cells, and basophils are identified as the main IL-4-producing cells in this biological context. Their inclusion matters because it places cytokine production within immune-cell networks rather than treating IL-4 as a signal with an unspecified origin. Studying these sources helps relate cellular activation to downstream communication, development, and response regulation.
IL-4 provides a mechanistic link between type 2 immune activity and several biological outcomes. Its signaling is relevant to allergic inflammation, defense against parasitic infections, and immune regulation, so the same pathway can be examined in both protective and dysregulated settings. This breadth makes IL-4 useful for connecting cellular signaling with broader questions in biology.
Researchers can use IL-4 studies to follow changes at multiple levels. At the signaling level, they can examine activation of the JAK-STAT6 pathway; at the cellular level, they can assess Th2 differentiation, B-cell class switching to immunoglobulin E, and macrophage activation. These outcomes connect molecular signaling with immune-cell behavior and help interpret type 2 immune responses.
Because the IL-4 signaling pathway provides targets for investigating inflammatory diseases and developing biologic therapies, its study extends beyond basic immune-cell biology. Researchers can examine how pathway-level knowledge informs disease-focused investigation and therapeutic development. This makes IL-4 relevant both as a molecular subject and as a route to translational research.