Knee Joint
Knee Joint - Related Videos
01:23
Knee Joint
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2023
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee. A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
11:09
Visualization of Knee Joint Degeneration after Non-invasive ACL Injury in Rats
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2023
Source: Lindsey K. Lepley1,2, Steven M. Davi1, Timothy A. Butterfield3,4 and Sina Shahbazmohamadi5, 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT; 3Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; 4Center for Muscle Biology, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; 5Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut,...
06:06
Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
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Cited by 12 •
2021
Primary tissues obtained from patients following total knee arthroplasty provide an experimental model for osteoarthritis research with maximal clinical translatability. This protocol describes how to identify, process, and isolate RNA from seven unique knee tissues to support mechanistic investigation in human osteoarthritis.
11:22
Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots
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Cited by 32 •
2013
An experimental technique for the treatment of osteochondral defects in the rabbit's knee joint is described. The implantation of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells into osteochondral defects provides a promising development in the field of tissue engineering. The preparation of fibrin-cell-clots in vitro offers a standardized method for implantation.
12:44
Creation of a Knee Joint-on-a-Chip for Modeling Joint Diseases and Testing Drugs
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Cited by 11 •
2023
We provide detailed methods for generating four types of tissues from human mesenchymal stem cells, which are used to recapitulate the cartilage, bone, fat pad, and synovium in the human knee joint. These four tissues are integrated into a customized bioreactor and connected through microfluidics, thus generating a knee joint-on-a-chip.
FAQs
Articular cartilage creates smooth contacting surfaces, while synovial fluid reduces friction between them. Together, these features allow the bones to move with less resistance as the leg bends and extends. Their function is especially important during weight-bearing activities, because efficient movement helps the joint accommodate repeated loading during walking, running, and jumping.
Ligaments stabilize the bones and help maintain controlled alignment during movement. The menisci distribute loads across the joint, reducing concentration of force on a smaller contact area. These complementary roles support both stability and load management, allowing the knee to respond to mechanical demands while the surrounding muscles generate and regulate movement.
Surrounding muscles generate the force needed for knee movement and help control the forces transmitted through the joint. Their activity contributes to coordinated actions such as walking, running, and jumping rather than simply producing bending or extension. Studying this muscular control helps explain normal locomotion and how altered force patterns may relate to injury or rehabilitation.
The knee combines motion, stabilization, and weight support, making its biomechanics central to normal locomotion. Examining how its tissues and muscles respond to force can clarify how movement is produced and controlled. The same framework helps researchers investigate injury mechanisms, connect structural changes with impaired function, and develop more informed rehabilitation approaches.
Biomechanical study can reveal how knee structures distribute loads, limit unwanted motion, and support efficient movement. These findings provide a basis for understanding injury mechanisms and osteoarthritis, while also informing rehabilitation. They can further guide the development of diagnostic and treatment approaches by linking mechanical behavior with the joint's functional demands.
Research identifies the structural and mechanical demands that replacement or engineered tissues must address, including movement, stability, friction reduction, and load distribution. These principles inform prosthetic design and tissue engineering by connecting biological function with material or structural requirements. Studying the intact joint therefore provides a reference for developing approaches that better support movement and force control.