Molecular Analyses
Molecular Analyses - Related Videos
14:54
Biobanking of Human Aqueous and Vitreous Liquid Biopsies for Molecular Analyses
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Cited by 7 •
2023
This protocol presents an integrated biorepository platform for the standardized collection, annotation, and biobanking of high-quality human aqueous humor and vitreous liquid biopsies for molecular downstream analyses, including proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics.
09:11
Aplysia Ganglia Preparation for Electrophysiological and Molecular Analyses of Single Neurons
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Cited by 9 •
2014
Marine snail Aplysia californica has been widely used as a neurobiology model for the studies on cellular and molecular basis of behavior. Here a methodology is described for exploring the nervous system of Aplysia for the electrophysiological and molecular analyses of single neurons of identified neural circuitry.
06:53
Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis
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Cited by 6 •
2013
Carcinogenesis is a process involving interactions between cancer cells and the cancer microenvironment. To dissect the molecular events, one needs to isolate different cell populations at different stages during cancer development. Using a mouse model for basal cell carcinoma, we describe a protocol for cell analyses during carcinogenesis.
09:55
Molecular Cloning
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2023
Molecular cloning is a set of methods, which are used to insert recombinant DNA into a vector - a carrier of DNA molecules that will replicate recombinant DNA fragments in host organisms. The DNA fragment, which may be a gene, can be isolated from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic specimen. Following isolation of the fragment of interest, or insert, both the vector and insert must be cut with restriction enzymes and purified. The purified pieces are joined together though a technique called...
11:25
An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
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2023
Cellular and molecular neuroscience is one of the newest and fastest growing subdisciplines in neuroscience. By investigating the influences of genes, signaling molecules, and cellular morphology, researchers in this field uncover crucial insights into normal brain development and function, as well as the root causes of many pathological conditions. This video introduction to the fascinating world of cellular and molecular neuroscience begins with a timeline of landmark studies, from the...
FAQs
The choice depends on whether the study needs amplification, separation, sequence information, or molecular measurement and characterization. PCR increases the amount of a selected nucleic-acid target, whereas electrophoresis separates molecules for analysis. Sequencing examines nucleic-acid sequence, while spectroscopy and mass spectrometry provide complementary ways to characterize biological molecules. Matching the method to the question determines the information obtained.
Extraction determines whether the nucleic acids or proteins relevant to the biological question become available for downstream analysis. Researchers may then separate or amplify selected molecules before detection. This preparation links the original cellular material to the measured signal, making it possible to compare molecular abundance, structure, or sequence across cells, organisms, or experimental conditions.
These approaches can distinguish changes in gene expression, protein activity, genetic variation, and cellular pathways. The specific result depends on the molecules examined and the analytical method applied. Comparing samples under different experimental conditions can therefore connect molecular measurements with changes in how cells function or respond, rather than treating cellular behavior as an unmeasured outcome.
A workflow begins by selecting the biological material and the molecules relevant to the research question. Researchers extract nucleic acids or proteins, prepare targets through separation or amplification when needed, and detect them with an appropriate analytical technique. The resulting measurements are then compared among cells, organisms, or experimental conditions to identify molecular differences or responses.
They are useful when researchers need molecular evidence to investigate genetics, microbiology, developmental biology, disease, or biotechnology. Depending on the study, the analyses can reveal genetic variation, changes in gene expression, protein activity, or pathway behavior. Their value comes from supporting precise comparisons between biological samples and linking those comparisons to cellular function.
Measurements of nucleic acids and proteins provide different views of cellular organization. Gene-expression analysis can indicate which genetic information is being used, while protein-focused measurements address molecular abundance or activity. When these results are compared across conditions, they can help relate molecular changes to cellular pathways and explain how cells respond to developmental, environmental, or disease-associated differences.