Up Regulation
Up Regulation - Related Videos
06:39
Bioluminescence Imaging of Heme Oxygenase-1 Upregulation in the Gua Sha Procedure
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Cited by 40 •
2009
Gua Sha, traditional Chinese therapeutic skin scraping, causes subcutaneous microvascular blood extravasation. We report a protocol of bioluminescence imaging of HO-1-luciferase transgenic mice to demonstrate that Gua Sha upregulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in multiple organs.
04:11
Assessing Glucose Uptake in the Motor Neurons of Drosophila Larvae with Upregulated Glucose Metabolism
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2025
The video demonstrates a technique for measuring glucose uptake in Drosophila larval motor neurons using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based intracellular glucose sensor. After dissecting the larvae to expose the ventral nerve cord, the motor neurons are visualized through the fluorescence emitted by the sensor's donor fluorophore. When stimulated with glucose, FRET between the sensor's donor and acceptor fluorophores triggers the emission of fluorescence from the acceptor,...
09:16
Stab Wound Injury of the Zebrafish Adult Telencephalon: A Method to Investigate Vertebrate Brain Neurogenesis and Regeneration
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Cited by 60 •
2014
To shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish adult neurogenesis and regeneration, we developed a protocol for invasive surgery causing mechanical injuries in the zebrafish adult telencephalon and subsequent monitoring of changes in the stabbed hemisphere by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization.
11:42
Sample Preparation and Analysis of RNASeq-based Gene Expression Data from Zebrafish
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Cited by 4 •
2017
This protocol presents an approach for whole transcriptome analysis from zebrafish embryos, larvae, or sorted cells. We include isolation of RNA, pathway analysis of RNASeq data, and qRT-PCR-based validation of gene expression changes.
08:29
Endothelial Cell Co-culture Mediates Maturation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell to Pancreatic Insulin Producing Cells in a Directed Differentiation Approach
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Cited by 25 •
2012
The current study describes a directed differentiation approach in inducing pancreatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Of great significance is the finding that endothelial cell co-culture mediates maturation of human embryonic stem cell derived pancreatic progenitors into insulin expressing cells.
FAQs
The increase can arise at several checkpoints in cellular information flow. Regulatory signals may enhance gene transcription, raise messenger RNA production, promote translation, or stabilize the resulting protein. These mechanisms can produce similar increases in cellular output while differing in timing and control, so identifying the affected level helps clarify how a cell is responding.
The same molecular change can reflect different biological responses depending on the cell or tissue involved and the signal that produced it. Hormones, stress, infection, and environmental cues can each alter expression or activity through distinct regulatory routes. Considering context prevents an observed increase from being interpreted as a single universal response.
An increased cellular response does not always require more newly produced molecules. A cell may enhance the activity of an existing protein, receptor, or signaling pathway, whereas other responses involve greater messenger RNA production, translation, or protein stability. Distinguishing activity from abundance helps researchers describe the underlying change more precisely.
Researchers can assess whether the change occurs in gene expression, messenger RNA production, protein abundance or stability, receptor activity, or signaling-pathway activity. The relevant measurement depends on the biological question and cellular context. Comparing these levels can indicate whether a response reflects altered transcription, post-transcriptional control, protein regulation, or pathway activation.
Changes in expression or activity can reveal how cells respond during disease-related processes and can identify molecular patterns associated with those conditions. When a consistently increased molecule or pathway distinguishes a biological state, it may serve as a molecular biomarker. Such measurements therefore help connect cellular regulation with disease mechanisms and research interpretation.
Cells may increase the expression or activity of genes, proteins, receptors, or signaling pathways when exposed to changing conditions, including treatments. These changes can help explain how tissues adapt and why resistance to drugs or other treatments develops. Studying the altered molecular response provides context for understanding adaptation rather than viewing resistance as an isolated outcome.