Name: Bioluminescence Imaging of Heme Oxygenase-1 Upregulation in the Gua Sha Procedure (Video) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2009-08-28T09:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 39 s
Description: Learn bioluminescence imaging of heme oxygenase-1 upregulation using Gua Sha in live mice. This method enables real-time tracking of HO-1 expression across multiple organs.

ai_agent_IP

ai_agent

maintenance

instantTrialDurationMinutes

isBiopharma

enableNewMyJoveSectionDesign

educationFeatures

seoMetaApi

ai_copilot_institution_blacklist

ai_chat_institution_blacklist

freeAccessWindow

ssoRoleCapture

scheduledMaintenanceBanner

joveLabsFeatures

disable_autoplay_for_bots

extended_trial_duration

5 minutes

K. Wong, S.T.C. Wong are supported by the funding from Functional and Molecular Imaging Center, Brigham and Women's hospital 
K. Wong, S.T.C. Wong are supported by the Center for Biotechnology and Informatics, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College. 
K.K. Kwong, I. Chen, J-Q Ren are supported by the funding from the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital. 
Lenuta Kloetzer, Braden Kuo are supported by funding from the Neuroenteric Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital 
The authors thank Drs. Q. Zeng and X. Xu of Optical Imaging Lab, Brigham and Women&#x2019;s Hospital for technical help.

<ol>
 <li>Female HO-1-luciferase transgenic mice (age of 4-6 weeks) can be purchased from Taconic Farms, Inc. Upon arrival, mice are placed in an animal housing facility for at least 4 days to allow accommodation. </li>
 <li>Preparation for bioluminescence imaging: 
 <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;">
 <li>Weigh each HO-1 mouse. Animal weight is required for calculating the dosage of luciferin. </li>
 <li>Hair removal: Use a cotton swap to apply hair remover Nair® over the abdomen and/or back of the animal. Waiting for 5 to 10 seconds. Use a clean cotton swap to wipe off hair. Dip a piece of tissue in distilled water to wipe clean remaining hair.</li>
 <li>Place a non-fluorescent black paper (Strathmore Artagain® black paper) on the imaging platform of an IVIS 100 station to reduce background noise. </li>
 <li>Prepare luciferin (from Xenogen Corporation) solution at concentration of 7.5 mg/ml (dissolved in sterile H2O). The dose of luciferin is 65.5 mg/kg body weight. Thus, a 20 gram mouse requires intraperitoneal injection of 0.175 ml luciferin solution. To achieve this, a single injection volume of luciferin solution (0.175ml) is preloaded to a syringe with a 26-gauge needle </li>
 </ol></li>
 <li>Gua Sha procedure: Gua Sha is applied only once before running the bioluminescence imaging protocol. Since Gua Sha is not painful, the mouse needs only to be briefly anesthetized by isoflurane to stay calm. Gua Sha procedure includes the following steps:
 <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;">
 <li>Apply cooking oil or distilled water to lubricate skin areas targeted by Gua Sha a few times during the Gua Sha procedure. </li>
 <li>Repetitively scrape the hair-free region of the back of the mouse in gentle but firm force using a ceramic soup spoon or a plastic spoon.</li>
 <li>The scraping continues until the back skin turns red, which is a sign of subcutaneous blood extravasation, usually achieved within 2 to 3 minutes. </li>
 </ol></li>
 <li>Bioluminescence imaging may be started immediately or several hours after Gua Sha as HO-1 upregulation is built up slowly over a few hours. The procedure for bioluminescence imaging is:
 <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;">
 <li>Anesthetize the mouse in an anesthesia induction chamber filled with a mixture of isoflurane (1.5%) and medical grade air.</li>
	<li>Once the mouse is anesthetized, move the mouse to the imaging chamber on the IVIS 100 optical imaging station. Position the mouse in a supine position (abdomen up). The imaging chamber is continuously infused with 1.5% of isoflurane. The imaging platform is heated at 37°C to keep the mouse warm.</li>
	<li>Set the imaging acquisition at "medium binning" and set exposure time to be 30 seconds. Start to acquire images. Set the machine to repeat the imaging acquisition every three minutes, either manually or automatically. After the acquisition of the first image, a region of interest (ROI) is drawn to cover the abdominal, chest, and head area. This ROI is then copied and pasted to the following images using "Living Image®", software accompanying the IVIS 100 station.</li>
	<li>Signal intensity is measured in photons per second. Mark time for the signal intensity to reach its peak value and keep on imaging the mouse for about 5 to 10 minutes after the peak time.</li>
	<li>When the imaging acquisition at the supine position is done, flip the mouse over and lay it in the prone position (back up). Continue imaging the animal for 5 to 10 minutes with the ROI now drawn to cover the back and the head area in the use of the software "Living Image®". The choice of imaging the prone position after the supine position is arbitrary. One can choose to start with the prone position, depending on the primary organs of interest. Another option is to image the supine and prone positions at separate experiments.</li>
	<li>When the imaging acquisition at the prone position is finished, turn off isoflurane and move mouse from the imaging chamber to the induction chamber to recover. The induction chamber is now infused with medical air only and the mouse usually wakes up in less than one minute.</li>
	<li>Save imaging data for post-processing.</li>
	<li>After the initial Imaging study, additional imaging acquisitions are carried out for several days after Gua Sha. One sample schedule is repeated imaging at the 12th hour, 24th hour, 36th hour, 48th hour, 72nd hour and 120th hour but the exact timing of the imaging schedule is flexible. Additional imaging sessions may be added if a longer follow-up is needed. Before imaging, repeat the hair removing procedure if the hair has grown back.</li>
 </ol>
 </li>
 <li>For the control group, repeat all procedure but skip Gua Sha (step 3). If the same group of mice is used for both control and Gua Sha, the control experiment should be carried out preferably before the Gua sha procedure or at least one month afterwards.</li>
</ol>
Representative Results:
The bioluminescence images in figure 1 show in vivo upregulation of HO-1 in response to Gua Sha. The graph in Figure 2 shows the quantitative temporal change over 120 hours in optical flux (photons/sec) from the whole body of the same mouse related to Gua Sha...
<img src="/files/ftp_upload/1385/figure1tmb.jpg" alt="Bioluminescence imaging, experimental results, mouse models, fluorescence quantification, color scale." border="0" data-altupdatedat="1787630408000" data-alt="figure 1"> Figure 1. From left to right, representative images of the front view (supine) of same mouse before Gua Sha, at 18 hours, 36 hours and 120 hours post Gua Sha, respectively. After Gua Sha, one observes the progress of significant signal intensity increase in multiple organs which encompass regions of the gastrointestinal tract, the genital tract, the liver, kidneys (from the back view, not shown), and others. Please <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/1385/figure1.jpg">click here</a> for a larger version of figure 1.
<img src="/files/ftp_upload/1385/figure2tmb.jpg" alt="Graph of photon emission rate over time; data analysis of photonic study; time points marked." border="0" data-altupdatedat="1787630408000" data-alt="figure 2"> Figure 2. Quantitative change of flux (photons/sec) from the whole body tracked over 120 hours following Gua Sha in the same mouse of Figure 1. Please <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/1385/figure2.jpg">click here</a> to see a larger version of figure 2.

<ol><li>Zhang, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Selection+of+potential+therapeutics+based+on+in+vivo+spatiotemporal+transcription+patterns+of+heme+oxygenase-1%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Mol+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Selection of potential therapeutics based on in vivo spatiotemporal transcription patterns of heme oxygenase-1.</a> J Mol Med. 80, 655-6564 (2002).</li>
<li>Zhang, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Rapid+in+vivo+functional+analysis+of+transgenes+in+mice+using+whole+body+imaging+of+luciferase+expression%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Transgenic+Res%22%5BJournal%5D)">Rapid in vivo functional analysis of transgenes in mice using whole body imaging of luciferase expression.</a> Transgenic Res. 10, 423-434 (2001).</li>
<li>Contag, C. H., Stevenson, D. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((In+vivo+patterns+of+heme+oxygenase-1+transcription%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Perinatol%22%5BJournal%5D)">In vivo patterns of heme oxygenase-1 transcription.</a> J Perinatol. 21, Suppl 1. 119-1124 (2001).</li>
<li>Nielsen, A., Knoblauch, N. T., Dobos, G. J., Michalsen, A., Kaptchuk, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+effect+of+Gua+Sha+treatment+on+the+microcirculation+of+surface+tissue%3A+a+pilot+study+in+healthy+subjects%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Explore+%28NY%29%22%5BJournal%5D)">The effect of Gua Sha treatment on the microcirculation of surface tissue: a pilot study in healthy subjects.</a> Explore (NY). 3, 456-466 (2007).</li>
<li>Schwickert, M. E., Saha, F. J., Braun, M., Dobos, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Gua+Sha+for+migraine+in+inpatient+withdrawal+therapy+of+headache+due+to+medication+overuse%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Forsch+Komplementmed%22%5BJournal%5D)">Gua Sha for migraine in inpatient withdrawal therapy of headache due to medication overuse.</a> Forsch Komplementmed. 14, 297-300 (2007).</li>
<li>Tsai, P. S., Lee, P. H., Wang, M. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Demographics%2C+training%2C+and+practice+patterns+of+practitioners+of+folk+medicine+in+Taiwan%3A+a+survey+of+the+Taipei+metropolitan+area%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Altern+Complement+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Demographics, training, and practice patterns of practitioners of folk medicine in Taiwan: a survey of the Taipei metropolitan area.</a> J Altern Complement Med. 14, 1243-1248 (2008).</li>
<li>Nielsen, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Gua+sha+research+and+the+language+of+integrative+medicine%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Bodyw+Mov+Ther%22%5BJournal%5D)">Gua sha research and the language of integrative medicine.</a> J Bodyw Mov Ther. 13, 63-72 (2009).</li>
<li>Contag, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Visualizing+gene+expression+in+living+mammals+using+a+bioluminescent+reporter%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Photochem+Photobiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Visualizing gene expression in living mammals using a bioluminescent reporter.</a> Photochem Photobiol. 66, 523-531 (1997).</li>
<li>Cui, K., Xu, X., Zhao, H., Wong, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+quantitative+study+of+factors+affecting+in+vivo+bioluminescence+imaging%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Luminescence%22%5BJournal%5D)">A quantitative study of factors affecting in vivo bioluminescence imaging.</a> Luminescence. 23, 292-295 (2008).</li>
<li>Shibahara, S., Yoshida, T., Kikuchi, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Mechanism+of+increase+of+heme+oxygenase+activity+induced+by+hemin+in+cultured+pig+alveolar+macrophages%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Arch+Biochem+Biophys%22%5BJournal%5D)">Mechanism of increase of heme oxygenase activity induced by hemin in cultured pig alveolar macrophages.</a> Arch Biochem Biophys. 197, 607-617 (1979).</li>
<li>Lee, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Hypoxia-inducible+factor-1+mediates+transcriptional+activation+of+the+heme+oxygenase-1+gene+in+response+to+hypoxia%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Biol+Chem%22%5BJournal%5D)">Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mediates transcriptional activation of the heme oxygenase-1 gene in response to hypoxia.</a> J Biol Chem. 272, 5375-5381 (1997).</li>
<li>Maines, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+heme+oxygenase+system%3A+a+regulator+of+second+messenger+gases%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Annu+Rev+Pharmacol+Toxicol%22%5BJournal%5D)">The heme oxygenase system: a regulator of second messenger gases.</a> Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 37, 517-554 (1997).</li>
<li>Wunder, C., Potter, R. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+heme+oxygenase+system%3A+its+role+in+liver+inflammation%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Curr+Drug+Targets+Cardiovasc+Haematol+Disord%22%5BJournal%5D)">The heme oxygenase system: its role in liver inflammation.</a> Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord. 3, 199-208 (2003).</li>
<li>Hoekstra, K. A., Godin, D. V., Cheng, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Protective+role+of+heme+oxygenase+in+the+blood+vessel+wall+during+atherogenesis%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Biochem+Cell+Biol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Protective role of heme oxygenase in the blood vessel wall during atherogenesis.</a> Biochem Cell Biol. 82, 351-359 (2004).</li>
<li>Yang, N. C., Lu, L. H., Kao, Y. H., Chau, L. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Heme+oxygenase-1+attenuates+interleukin-1beta-induced+nitric+oxide+synthase+expression+in+vascular+smooth+muscle+cells%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Biomed+Sci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Heme oxygenase-1 attenuates interleukin-1beta-induced nitric oxide synthase expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.</a> J Biomed Sci. 11, 799-809 (2004).</li>
<li>Morse, D., Choi, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Heme+oxygenase-1%3A+from+bench+to+bedside%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Respir+Crit+Care+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Heme oxygenase-1: from bench to bedside.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 172, 660-670 (2005).</li>
<li>Ryter, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Protective+functions+of+heme+oxygenase-1+and+carbon+monoxide+in+the+respiratory+system%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Antioxid+Redox+Signal%22%5BJournal%5D)">Protective functions of heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide in the respiratory system.</a> Antioxid Redox Signal. 9, 2157-2173 (2007).</li>
<li>Wilson, K., Yu, J., Lee, A., Wu, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((In+vitro+and+in+vivo+bioluminescence+reporter+gene+imaging+of+human+embryonic+stem+cells%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Vis+Exp%22%5BJournal%5D)">In vitro and in vivo bioluminescence reporter gene imaging of human embryonic stem cells.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2008).</li>
<li>Calabrese, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Vitagenes%2C+dietary+antioxidants+and+neuroprotection+in+neurodegenerative+diseases%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Front+Biosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Vitagenes, dietary antioxidants and neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases.</a> Front Biosci. 14, 376-397 (2009).</li>
<li>Contag, P. R., Olomu, I. N., Stevenson, D. K., Contag, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Bioluminescent+indicators+in+living+mammals%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Bioluminescent indicators in living mammals.</a> Nat Med. 4, 245-247 (1998).</li>
</ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Transcription of HO-1, an inducible form of heme oxygenase, is upregulated by many factors including heme, hydrogen peroxide, UV irradiation, hypoxia, and physical stresses. Whole body imaging such as the reported HO-1 bioluminescence protocol provides a quick snapshot of systemic HO-1 expression in multiple organs. In small animals, bioluminescence imaging allows high-sensitivity in-vivo real-time quantitative longitudinal optical assessment of alterations in systemic gene expression, as shown. Bioluminescence molecul...

<table><tbody><tr><td>Luciferin</td><td>Caliper Life Sciences</td><td>P/N 122796</td><td>Previously Xenogen</td></tr><tr><td>IVIS 100</td><td>Caliper Life Sciences</td><td></td><td>Previously Xenogen</td></tr></tbody></table>

bioluminescence imaging of heme oxygenase-1 upregulation in the gua sha procedure

Bioluminescence Imaging of Heme Oxygenase-1 Upregulation in the Gua Sha Procedure

Gua Sha is a traditional Chinese folk therapy that employs skin scraping to cause subcutaneous microvascular blood extravasation and bruises. The protocol for bioluminescent optical imaging of HO-1-luciferase transgenic mice reported in this manuscript provides a rapid in vivo assay of the upregulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression in response to the Gua Sha procedure. HO-1 has long been known to provide cytoprotection against oxidative stress. The upregulation of HO-1, assessed by the bioluminescence output, is thought to represent an antioxidative response to circulating hemoglobin products released by Gua Sha. Gua Sha was administered by repeated strokes of a smooth spoon edge over lubricated skin on the back or other targeted body part of the transgenic mouse until petechiae (splinter hemorrhages) or ecchymosis (bruises) indicative of extravasation of blood from subcutaneous capillaries was observed. After Gua Sha, bioluminescence imaging sessions were carried out daily for several days to follow the dynamics of HO-1 expression in multiple internal organs.

Gua Sha, traditional Chinese therapeutic skin scraping, causes subcutaneous microvascular blood extravasation. We report a protocol of bioluminescence imaging of HO-1-luciferase transgenic mice to demonstrate that Gua Sha upregulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in multiple organs.

Gua Sha is a traditional Chinese folk therapy that employs skin scraping to cause subcutaneous microvascular blood extravasation and bruises. The protocol ...

Hi, I am Jeffrey Young from the division of Neuroradiology of the Department of Radiology of the Brigham Women's Hospital, a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. Hi, I'm Brad Quo. I'm from the gastrointestinal unit and Department of Medicine, as well as the Martino Center for Radiology at Massachusetts General Hospital.Today we'll show you a procedure for bioluminescence imaging of he oxygenase one regulation in a live mouse model. We use this technique in our laboratory to study the systemic upregulation of Hema oxygenation. One with a procedure called guha, a traditional Chinese medicine technique involving skin scraping.So let's get started. Female HO one luciferase transgenic mice are weighed prior to being anesthetized so that the correct dosage of Lucifer can be calculated later before beginning hair removal. Confirm by the lack of a toe pinch reflex that the mice are fully anesthetized.Then use a cotton swab to apply a hair remover lotion over the back of the animal. Wait for five to 10 seconds, then use a clean cotton swab to wipe off the hair After that, dip a piece of tissue in distilled water and use the tissue to wipe clean the remaining hair. Apply distilled water to lubricate the skin areas targeted by gua a few times during the procedure.Scrape the hair-free region of the back of the mouse gently but firmly using a plastic spoon. Continue scraping until the back skin turns red, which is a sign of subcutaneous blood extravasation. This is usually achieved within two to three minutes.Place the mice in the induction chamber while you prepare the Lucifer solution, which will be shown in the next section. Prepare a 7.5 milligram per milliliter Lucifer solution by dissolving the Lucifer in sterile water. The dose of Lucifer is 65.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.Preload a syringe with a 26 gauge needle with a single aliquot containing the full dose of Lucifer solution. Quickly inject the needle into the abdomen of the mouse and deliver the entire dose in a single injection. Place a piece of non fluorescent black paper on the imaging of an IVUS 100 station.To reduce background noise during the imaging. To begin imaging, transfer the mouse to the imaging chamber on the IVUS 100 optical imaging station. The imaging chamber is continuously infused with 1.5%of isof fluorine to keep the mouse anesthetized, position the mouse in a supine position.Abdomen up. Set the image acquisition to medium benning and the exposure time to 30 seconds. Set the machine to repeat the image acquisition every three minutes, either manually or automatically.Begin acquiring images after acquisition of the first image. Draw a region of interest or ROI to cover the abdominal chest and head areas. Then copy this ROI and paste it to the subsequent images.Using the living image software, signal intensity is measured in photons per second. Mark the time taken for the signal intensity to reach its peak value and continue imaging the mouse for about five to 10 minutes. After the peak time, when the image acquisition at the supine position is done, turn the mouse over and lay it in the prone position.Back up this time, draw the ROI to cover the back and the head areas. After acquiring the first image, continue imaging the animal for five to 10 minutes. When the image acquisition at the prone position is complete, turn off the isof fluorine.Transfer the mouse from the imaging chamber to the induction chamber. For recovery. The induction chamber is now infused with medical air only, and the mouse should wake up in less than one minute.Save the imaging data for post-processing. After the initial imaging, additional imaging is carried out for several days following the gua procedure. Before imaging, repeat the hair removal procedure on the back of the mice.If the hair has grown back in vivo, upregulation of HO one in response to guha is observed. The front view of the same mouse is shown before guha at 18 hours, 36 hours, and 120 hours post guha from left to right respectively. As can be seen, the bioluminescence signal intensity progressively increases in multiple organs after gu sha.This graph shows the quantitative temporal change over 120 hours in optical flux from the whole body of the same mouse. In response to the guha procedure, You have just watched how to image the in vivo upregulation of heme oxygenase one with bioluminescence imaging. When doing this procedure, it's important to keep the area to be imaged clean, to avoid interference from dust and hair.Careful control of exposure. Time is required to avoid saturation in the imaging results. So that's it.Thank you very much for watching and good luck with your experiments.

bioluminescence-imaging-heme-oxygenase-1-upregulation-gua-sha

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Bioluminescence imaging of hypoxia inducible factor-1α activity is applied to monitor intracranial tumor hypoxia development in a breast cancer brain metastasis mouse model.

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

NADPH oxidase is the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phagocytes. Because of the ephemeral nature of ROS, it is difficult to measure and monitor ROS levels in living animals. A minimally invasive method for serial quantification of ROS in living mice is described.

Bioluminescence Imaging of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Different Animal Models

This article describes the administration of lux-tagged bacteria to mice and subsequent in vivo analysis using IVIS bioluminescence imaging.

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo

Source: Hunt, A. M. A., et al. Come to the Light Side: In Vivo Monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections in Chronic Wounds in a Diabetic Hairless Murine Model. J. Vis. Exp.(2017).This video demonstrates the procedure for assessing infection clearance and healing progression in a wounded diabetic mouse using bioluminescent and microscopic images.

Bioluminescence Imaging to Track Bacterial Infection and Wound Healing in a Mouse Model

We describe a non-invasive imaging method for distinguishing inflammatory stages. Systemic delivery of luminol reveals areas of acute inflammation dependent upon MPO activity in neutrophils. In contrast, injection of lucigenin allows for visualization of chronic inflammation dependent upon Phox activity in macrophages.

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

This manuscript describes the use of genetically-encoded fluorogenic reporters in an application of live-cell imaging for the examination of xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress. This experimental approach offers unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution, sensitivity, and specificity while avoiding many of the shortcomings of conventional methods used for the detection of toxicological oxidative stress.

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

This protocol describes the establishment of a tumor-bearing mouse model to monitor tumor progression and angiogenesis in real-time by dual bioluminescence imaging.

Dual Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis

The aim of this protocol is to induce transient in vivo production of nonlethal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse skin, further promoting physiological responses in the tissue.

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ

Bioluminescence-light emitted by a luciferase enzyme oxidizing a small-molecule substrate, a luciferin-can be harnessed to activate photosensory proteins, thereby adding another dimension to light stimulation and enabling the manipulation of a multitude of light-mediated functions in cells across temporal and spatial scales.

Bioluminescent Optogenetics 2.0: Harnessing Bioluminescence to Activate Photosensory Proteins In Vitro and In Vivo

We present a protocol to directly visualize metabolic activities in cells regulated by amino acids using deuterium-oxide (heavy water D2O) probed stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy, which is integrated with two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (2PEF).

Bioorthogonal Chemical Imaging of Cell Metabolism Regulated by Aromatic Amino Acids

This protocol describes a standardized, step-by-step procedure for performing copper Bian-stone Gua Sha in human subjects diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome. The technique involves the application of a copper alloy scraper to specific meridian pathways (Governor Vessel and Bladder Meridian) and designated acupoints. Representative pre- and post-intervention observational data are included to illustrate the procedural workflow and data collection methods.

A Standardized Copper Bian-Stone Gua Sha Protocol for Treating Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Human Subjects

Learn bioluminescence imaging of heme oxygenase-1 upregulation using Gua Sha in live mice. This method enables real-time tracking of HO-1 expression across multiple organs.

Bioluminescence Imaging of Heme Oxygenase-1 Upregulation in the Gua Sha Procedure

Explore More Videos