Why is squalene used as an adjuvant?

Squalene improves the efficacy of the vaccine by stabilizing the formulation.

How is the oil-in-water emulsion created?

By adding a large amount of water to the hydrophobic mixture while stirring.

What is the significance of using emulsifiers?

Emulsifiers help disperse the vaccine components evenly and prevent droplet coalescence.

What are the potential applications of this nanoemulsion vaccine?

It can be used for developing vaccines against various infectious diseases.

What further studies are suggested?

Further research is needed to assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine.

Preparation of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine

Q: What is the role of MPLA in vaccine formulation?

MPLA enhances the vaccine's ability to activate immune cells.

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Immunology

0 views • 1:50 min • July 8th, 2025

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Start with an adjuvant powder containing monophosphoryl lipid A or MPLA molecules.

This bacterial membrane-derived adjuvant enhances the vaccine's ability to activate immune cells.

Add a polar organic solvent. Briefly mix and incubate to dissolve the adjuvant.

In a separate container, mix the desired vaccine peptides with an optimal amount of a suitable emulsifier for improved dispersion upon contact with water.

Then, add squalene, an oil-based vaccine adjuvant.

While stirring gently, add the adjuvant solution to the mixture.

Add a large amount of water to the hydrophobic vaccine mixture to form an oil-in-water mixture.

The stirring process moves the vaccine components into the nano-sized droplet.

The emulsifier coats the droplet, preventing it from sticking to the other droplets.

This ensures the components are evenly dispersed for an ideal vaccine formulation.

Begin by mixing 1 milligram of monophosphoryl lipid A with 100 microliters of DMSO. Vortex for five minutes and leave it to dissolve for four hours at room temperature. Quantitatively add Tween 80 and I-OVA. Mix the components and add squalene.

Next, add 100 microliters of MPLA solution to the prepared mixture. To prepare the nanoemulsion vaccine, add the mixed solution to water droplets at approximately 70% of the total volume and stir gently to obtain a transparent and easily flowing mixture.