Viral Dissemination
Viral Dissemination - Related Videos
02:36
Establishing a Mouse Model of Pleural Disseminated Lung Cancer
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2025
This video demonstrates a method to generate a mouse model of pleural dissemination by injecting lung cancer cell suspension into the thoracic cavity of an immunodeficient mouse.
10:45
Non-invasive Imaging of Disseminated Candidiasis in Zebrafish Larvae
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Cited by 33 •
2012
The rapid development, small size and transparency of zebrafish are tremendous advantages for the study of innate immune control of infection1-4. Here we demonstrate techniques for infecting zebrafish larvae using the fungal pathogen Candida albicans by microinjection, methodology recently used to implicate phagocyte NADPH oxidase activity in control of fungal dimorphism5.
04:24
Quantitative Time-Lapse Microscopy for Assessing Extracellular Matrix Stiffness-Dependent Bacterial Dissemination
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2025
This video showcases quantitative time-lapse microscopy for evaluating extracellular matrix stiffness-dependent Listeria monocytogenes dissemination through endothelial cells. A softer hydrogel facilitates faster bacterial dissemination through endothelial cells compared to stiffer counterparts, highlighting the influence of matrix stiffness on bacterial dissemination.
00:57
Viral Recombination
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2019
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment. Viral Recombination Can Create New Diseases Some diseases can infect multiple species. For example, pigs can be infected by some human and...
00:56
Viral Structure
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2019
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid. Structural Classes of Viruses Many criteria are used to classify viruses, including capsid design. Most viruses...
FAQs
After local replication, virus particles or infected cells may travel through blood, lymph, neuronal pathways, or epithelial surfaces. Each route provides different opportunities for movement and access to new tissues. Studying these pathways helps researchers determine how an infection progresses from a localized event toward systemic disease and identify points where dissemination might be interrupted.
Tissue tropism reflects the tendency of a virus to infect particular tissues, and receptor availability is one factor shaping this preference. A virus may reach several sites but establish infection only where suitable cellular conditions exist. Comparing target tissues therefore connects viral movement with the distribution of disease and helps identify organs at risk.
Host immune responses can affect whether infection remains localized or progresses to additional tissues and organs. Their influence is considered alongside viral replication, tissue tropism, and the available routes of movement. Examining these interactions helps explain differences in disease progression and reveals biological barriers that may limit spread before critical organs are involved.
Viral dissemination models help connect viral entry and replication with later spread through tissues, organs, or hosts. They can be used to investigate routes of movement, barriers to infection, disease progression, and establishment in particular sites. These models also provide a framework for studying viral pathogenesis and assessing strategies intended to limit systemic infection.
Tracking dissemination shows how local replication relates to infection in additional tissues and organs. This information helps researchers evaluate whether antiviral treatments affect viral movement, tissue establishment, or progression toward critical sites. The same framework can reveal stages of infection at which limiting spread may be especially relevant to treatment design and outcome assessment.
Understanding dissemination helps researchers examine how an emerging infection progresses, reaches new tissues, and contributes to transmission or systemic disease. It also supports investigation of viral pathogenesis, the biological processes underlying disease. By identifying routes and barriers to spread, researchers can evaluate vaccines and other strategies designed to prevent infection from advancing.