Viral-rna+ Cells
Viral-rna+ Cells - Related Videos
09:35
Using Click Chemistry to Measure the Effect of Viral Infection on Host-Cell RNA Synthesis
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Cited by 15 •
2013
This method describes the use of click chemistry to measure changes in host cell transcription after infection with the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) strain MP-12. Results can be visualized qualitatively via fluorescence microscopy or obtained quantitatively through flow cytometry. This method is adaptable for use with other viruses.
04:23
Determining Viral RNA Distribution in Host Cells by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
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2026
Source: Vallery, T. K. & Steitz, J. A. Quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Immunofluorescence (IF) of Specific Gene Products in KSHV-Infected Cells. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)This video demonstrates fluorescence in situ hybridization to visualize viral RNA in virus-infected cells. It outlines the steps involved in probe hybridization, signal amplification, and confocal imaging.
10:16
Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)
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Cited by 35 •
2012
A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was developed to visually detect viral genomic RNA using fluorescence microscopy. A probe is made with specificity to the viral RNA that can then be identified using a combination of hybridization and immunofluorescence techniques. This technique offers the advantage of identifying the localization of the viral RNA or DNA at steady-state, providing information on the control of intracellular virus trafficking events.
02:59
Extraction of Viral RNA from Surface-Bound Virions Using a Silica Spin Column
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2026
Source: Klaus, J. P. et al. Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment. J. Vis. Exp. (2016)This video demonstrates the extraction of viral RNA from surface-bound virions on epithelial cells using silica spin columns. The method includes chemical lysis, RNA stabilization, and membrane-based purification for downstream quantification of virus-cell attachment.
04:42
Visualization of Viral Double-Stranded RNA and Host Pattern Recognition Receptors in Infected Epithelial Cells
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2026
Source: Mateer, E., et al., Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)This video demonstrates the confocal imaging of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in virus-infected epithelial cells. It highlights how antibody-based fluorescent labeling reveals the interaction between viral replication intermediates and host immune sensors.
FAQs
A positive signal can reflect viral RNA delivered into a cell within an infecting particle, or RNA produced after entry through viral genome copying or transcription. This distinction matters when interpreting measurements because detection identifies viral RNA in the cell but does not, by itself, establish which stage generated the signal.
Incoming RNA and RNA generated after entry represent different biological events, even though both can contribute to a positive measurement. Separating these possibilities helps researchers interpret whether a detected signal reflects exposure to viral material, subsequent intracellular viral activity, or a mixture of both within the sampled population.
The abundance of positive cells shows how widely viral RNA is distributed within a sample, while differences among cell types can reveal uneven infection patterns. Comparing these measurements across tissues or cellular populations helps characterize tissue tropism and determine whether viral RNA is concentrated in particular biological compartments.
RNA sequencing can identify cells containing viral RNA while also supporting analysis of cell identity and associated host-cell responses. Hybridization-based imaging adds spatial information by showing where positive cells occur within a tissue or sample. Using either approach, or interpreting their results together, links viral detection with cellular and anatomical context.
A general workflow begins by collecting a biological sample and selecting an assay suited to the question, such as RNA sequencing or hybridization-based imaging. Researchers then distinguish RNA-positive from RNA-negative cells, quantify the positive population, determine its cellular identity, and examine its distribution across tissues or sample regions.
Researchers can measure these cells to evaluate whether an antiviral intervention changes the amount or distribution of detectable viral RNA. Comparing treated and untreated samples may show altered viral burden, affected cell populations, or changes in tissue localization. The measurements therefore connect intervention effects with cellular and tissue-level patterns.
Linking viral RNA detection with cell identity allows researchers to compare host-cell responses in positive and negative populations. This approach can reveal whether response patterns vary among infected or virus-associated cell types and can help explain how viral activity differs across tissues, providing context for broader studies of infection biology.