Virus Expansion
Virus Expansion - Related Videos
02:52
Expansion of Mutant Vaccinia Virus in Mammalian Cells
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2026
Source: Yuan, M., et al. A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors. J. Vis. Exp. (2016)This video demonstrates the expansion of plaque-derived recombinant virus in adherent mammalian cells. The virus carries a fluorescent reporter in place of a virulent gene, enabling infection tracking. Infected cells are harvested for PCR verification of the genetic modification.
09:42
Analysis of Thermal Expansion via Dilatometry
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2023
Source: J. Jacob Chavez, Ryan T. Davis, and Taylor D. Sparks, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT Thermal expansion is extremely important when considering which materials will be used in systems that experience fluctuations in temperature. A high or low thermal expansion in a material may or may not be desirable, depending on the application. For instance, in a common liquid thermometer, a material with a high thermal expansion would be...
08:49
Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype
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Cited by 5 •
2020
We outline a 9-day protocol for the transduction and expansion of rhesus macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells which yields cells with excellent co-expression of the genes of interest in sufficient number for infusion studies of cell efficacy.
01:24
Heat and Free Expansion
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2023
The work done by a thermodynamic system depends not only on the initial and final states but also on the intermediate states—that is, on the path. Like work, when heat is added to a thermodynamic system, it undergoes a change of state, and the state attained depends on the path from the initial state to the final state. Consider an ideal gas cylinder fitted with a piston. When the cylinder is heated at a constant temperature, the gas molecules absorb energy and expand slowly in a controlled...
01:22
Thermal Expansion
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2023
The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
FAQs
Susceptibility determines whether a host cell can support the viral cycle. The virus must first recognize and enter the cell, after which it uses host machinery for genome copying and viral protein production. If the cell cannot support these stages, particle production cannot proceed effectively, making host-cell compatibility central when selecting an expansion system.
Researchers monitor cell susceptibility, temperature, and culture conditions while increasing virus particles. These variables indicate whether the biological system remains appropriate for replication and help maintain a controlled experimental setting. Monitoring them is important because expansion depends not only on the virus, but also on the host environment supporting genome copying, protein production, and particle assembly.
Release can occur through cell lysis or budding, representing distinct endpoints of the viral production cycle. In one route, particles are associated with cell lysis; in the other, they leave through budding. Recognizing the release route helps researchers interpret how newly assembled infectious particles move from the producing cell into the surrounding biological system.
A useful workflow follows recognition and entry, genome replication, viral protein production, assembly of new particles, and release. Tracking this sequence connects the observed increase in infectious particles to distinct stages of the viral cycle. It also helps frame measurements and interpretation in studies of viral replication, pathogenesis, or biological production.
Virus expansion can be conducted in cultured cells, embryonated eggs, or other biological systems. The available source material does not rank these platforms, but identifies them as settings for producing infectious particles. These options support work across virology and biotechnology, including investigations of replication, vaccine production, diagnostic development, and viral-vector preparation.
Expanded virus material supports several activities, including studies of viral replication and pathogenesis, vaccine production, diagnostic assay development, antiviral testing, and preparation of viral vectors for gene delivery. These applications make controlled particle production relevant both to basic Biology and to biotechnology workflows that require virus-based experimental or therapeutic tools.