Receptor Status Assessment
Receptor Status Assessment - Related Videos
35:03
Mental Status Examination
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2023
Source: Carmen Black, Matthew Goldenberg, and Jaideep Talwalkar; Yale School of Medicine The mental status exam is a clinical evaluation of emotional, perceptual, and cognitive functioning that spans both the fields of psychiatry and neurology. Developing skill in the psychiatric portions of the examination are important to describe salient aspects of the patient's mental state that may be observed during routine history and/or physical exam. Proficiency in the cognitive portions of this...
05:58
Using DNA-Based Tension Probes to Assess Receptor Forces Applied by Immune Cells
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2025
The video demonstrates a method for assessing receptor forces applied by immune cells using polyethylene glycol-anchored gold nanoparticles and DNA hairpin tension probes. CD8-positive T cell interactions trigger probe unfolding, emitting fluorescence while locking strands sustain the signal for quantifying the forces applied by immune cells.
12:43
Genetic and Biochemical Approaches for In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of Protein Oligomerization: The Ryanodine Receptor Case Study
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Cited by 3 •
2016
Oligomerization of the ryanodine receptor, a homo-tetrameric ion channel mediating Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, is critical for skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. Here, we present complementary in vivo and in vitro methods to detect protein self-association and determine homo-oligomer stoichiometry.
08:14
Assessing T-cell Receptor-Induced Calcium Influx Using a Calcium Indicator Dye
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2025
This video analyzes T-cell receptor-induced calcium influx in T-cells. Anti-CD3 antibodies activate the T-cell signaling pathways, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium ions that bind with Indo-1 dye. In flow cytometry, a spectrum shift from the calcium-free state to the calcium-bound state correlates with T-cell receptor-induced calcium influx.
10:30
Use of pHluorin to Assess the Dynamics of Axon Guidance Receptors in Cell Culture and in the Chick Embryo
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Cited by 10 •
2014
We describe here the use of a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein variant, pHluorin, to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of axon guidance receptors trafficking at the cell surface. The pHluorin-tagged receptor is expressed both in cell culture and in vivo, using electroporation of the chick embryo.
FAQs
These result categories distinguish whether tumor cells show a receptor signal, lack the marker, or produce it at unusually high levels. The distinction helps characterize the tumor and can inform prognosis estimation and biomarker-driven treatment selection. Because receptor expression can vary among tumor types, interpretation depends on which marker is being assessed and the cancer context.
These approaches examine receptor-related features through different laboratory readouts. Immunohistochemistry detects receptor proteins in tumor tissue, whereas fluorescence in situ hybridization and other molecular assays provide information related to gene activity. Using an appropriate assay helps laboratories determine whether a relevant marker is present, absent, or overexpressed, supporting more complete tumor characterization.
Receptor relevance is not identical across tumors, so laboratories assess markers appropriate to the disease being studied. In breast cancer, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HER2 are commonly examined, while other tumor types may require different markers. This disease-specific strategy makes the result more useful for classification, prognosis estimation, and treatment planning.
A typical workflow begins with tumor tissue, followed by an assay that detects receptor proteins or gene activity. The laboratory then evaluates the finding as receptor presence, absence, or overexpression and relates it to the tumor’s characteristics. This sequence converts a tissue measurement into information that can support classification and biomarker-guided decisions.
It is most useful when a receptor serves as a biomarker linked to therapeutic decision-making. The laboratory result can indicate whether a tumor expresses a relevant target and therefore help inform biomarker-driven therapy selection. It also contributes to tumor classification and prognosis estimation, giving researchers and clinical teams molecular information beyond general tumor description.
Repeated or comparative receptor measurements can help researchers examine how tumors relate to treatment response and why resistance may emerge. Differences in receptor status can also reveal heterogeneity, meaning molecular variation within or among tumor samples. These observations support studies of changing tumor biology and help investigate why biomarker-guided treatment outcomes may differ between cancers.