Vacuum Evaporation
Vacuum Evaporation - Related Videos
08:58
Seedless Growth of Bismuth Nanowire Array via Vacuum Thermal Evaporation
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Cited by 1 •
2015
A protocol for seedless and high yield growth of bismuth nanowire arrays through vacuum thermal evaporation technique is presented.
06:43
Rotary Evaporation to Remove Solvent
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2023
Source: Dr. Melanie Pribisko Yen and Grace Tang — California Institute of Technology Rotary evaporation is a technique most commonly used in organic chemistry to remove a solvent from a higher-boiling point compound of interest. The rotary evaporator, or "rotovap", was invented in 1950 by the chemist Lyman C. Craig. The primary use of a rotovap is to dry and purify samples for downstream applications. Its speed and ability to handle large volumes of solvent make rotary evaporation a preferred...
06:20
Proper Operation of Vacuum Based Equipment
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2023
Source: Robert M. Rioux, Ajay Sathe & Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Vacuum is required for a number of laboratory procedures. This is most routinely achieved in the laboratory by the use of vacuum pumps. In addition to working at low pressures, vacuum pumps can also be used to enable rapid changing of the atmospheres in a reactor or flask by evacuation and backfilling.
06:39
A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection
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Cited by 1 •
2016
This paper presents an impedance-based apparatus for evaporation rate detection of solutions. It offers clear advantages over a conventional weight loss approach: a fast response, high-sensitivity detection, a small sample requirement, multiple sample measurements, and easy disassembly for cleaning and reuse purposes.
14:01
Making Record-efficiency SnS Solar Cells by Thermal Evaporation and Atomic Layer Deposition
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Cited by 30 •
2015
Tin sulfide (SnS) is a candidate material for Earth-abundant, non-toxic solar cells. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication procedure of the SnS solar cells employing atomic layer deposition, which yields 4.36% certified power conversion efficiency, and thermal evaporation which yields 3.88%.
FAQs
Reduced pressure allows the solvent to evaporate under a lower temperature requirement than it would face at ordinary pressure. This is useful when a solution contains heat-sensitive compounds, because controlled solvent removal can limit thermal exposure. The pressure setting therefore affects not only the evaporation process, but also the temperature range in which concentration or sample preparation can proceed.
Heating promotes vapor formation, while reduced pressure lowers the solvent vapor pressure requirement for evaporation. If either condition changes, the evaporation rate and the thermal conditions experienced by the solution can change as well. Coordinating both variables helps achieve predictable solvent removal and reduces the risk that concentration or preparation conditions will vary between experiments.
After the solvent forms vapor, it must be transported away from the solution so removal can continue. Condensation commonly follows this step, converting the vapor back into a liquid for collection. This pathway supports solvent recovery while separating the removed solvent from the material being concentrated, making it relevant to both laboratory preparation and chemical processing.
Pressure, temperature, and evaporation rate are the central operating factors identified for reproducible results. Pressure changes the temperature requirement for solvent removal, temperature promotes vapor formation, and evaporation rate determines how quickly the solution is concentrated. Managing these variables together helps maintain consistent processing conditions and limits unwanted variation among samples or batches.
A typical procedure begins by placing the solution under reduced pressure, followed by controlled heating to promote solvent vapor formation. The vapor is then transported away from the solution and commonly condensed for collection. The process continues until the desired degree of solvent removal or concentration is reached, with pressure, temperature, and evaporation rate monitored as key conditions.
Chemists may choose this technique when a solution contains components that could undergo thermal degradation during higher-temperature solvent removal. Operating below the solvent’s normal boiling-point requirement can provide gentler concentration conditions. The method is therefore useful for concentrating heat-sensitive solutions, preparing samples, and removing solvent while reducing the likelihood of damage caused by excessive heating.
In chemical processing, the method provides controlled solvent removal that can improve efficiency and help maintain reproducible conditions. Because the removed vapor is commonly condensed, the solvent may be recovered rather than simply lost. These features support concentration, solvent recovery, and sample preparation, while the control of pressure and temperature connects laboratory practice with larger-scale process management.