Bubble Study
Bubble Study - Related Videos
01:13
Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble
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2023
The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops. where γ corresponds to the surface tension. Recalling that the force per...
08:19
Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
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Cited by 2 •
2021
A fast and reliable technique is proposed to control the shape oscillations of a single, trapped acoustic bubble that is based on coalescence technique between two bubbles. The steady-state, symmetry-controlled bubble shape oscillations allow analysis of the fluid flow generated in the vicinity of the bubble interface.
11:14
A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)–Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level
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Cited by 8 •
2017
A microfluidic chip was fabricated to produce pairs of gold dots for tandem bubble generation and fibronectin-coated islands for single-cell patterning nearby. The resultant flow field was characterized by particle image velocimetry and was employed to study various bioeffects, including cell membrane poration, membrane deformation, and intracellular calcium response.
07:18
Lipid Bilayer Experiments with Contact Bubble Bilayers for Patch-Clampers
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Cited by 12 •
2019
Here, we present a protocol for the formation of lipid bilayers using a contact bubble bilayer method. A water bubble is blown into an organic solvent, whereby a monolayer is formed at the water-oil interface. Two pipettes are manipulated to dock the bubbles to form a bilayer.
11:08
Cultivation of Green Microalgae in Bubble Column Photobioreactors and an Assay for Neutral Lipids
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Cited by 23 •
2019
Here, we present a protocol to construct lab-scale bubble column photobioreactors and use them to culture microalgae. It also provides a method for the determination of the culture growth rate and neutral lipid content.
FAQs
After injection into a peripheral vein, microbubbles enter the right-sided circulation, where the lungs normally filter them before they can reach the left atrium. Their absence on the left side therefore represents the expected passage pattern. Detecting bubbles there changes the interpretation because it suggests that blood has bypassed the normal pulmonary filtering route through a right-to-left shunt.
Agitated saline creates a temporary contrast signal that can be followed during echocardiography. Because the microbubbles normally remain within the right-sided circulation and are filtered by the lungs, their unexpected appearance in the left atrium provides visual evidence of an abnormal pathway. This makes the examination useful for evaluating suspected connections between cardiac chambers or vessels.
A patent foramen ovale and an atrial septal defect are examples of intracardiac abnormalities that may permit right-to-left passage of blood. If injected microbubbles reach the left atrium, these conditions become relevant possibilities in the clinical interpretation. Recognizing this relationship helps connect the imaging finding with a potential structural explanation for abnormal circulation.
A basic workflow pairs peripheral venous injection with echocardiographic observation. Agitated saline is introduced into the vein, and imaging follows the microbubbles as they move through the right-sided circulation and are normally filtered by the lungs. The clinician then assesses whether bubbles appear in the left atrium, the key observation for a possible right-to-left shunt.
Clinicians may use a bubble study when they are investigating unexplained hypoxemia, stroke, or a suspected abnormal connection involving the heart or pulmonary vessels. The test supplies imaging evidence about whether venous blood may be reaching the left-sided circulation through an unusual route, helping focus subsequent diagnostic evaluation and clinical decision-making.
The principal outcome is evidence for or against passage from the right-sided to the left-sided circulation. A positive finding can support further evaluation of an intracardiac or pulmonary vascular shunt, while the clinical context determines its significance. This information contributes to diagnosis and helps clinicians plan appropriate management for conditions associated with abnormal blood flow.