Pre-oxygenation
Pre-oxygenation - Related Videos
08:58
Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Measurement Based on Oxygen-dependent Quenching of Phosphorescence
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Cited by 26 •
2011
We present an experimental procedure for measuring the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in cerebral vasculature based on oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence. Animal preparation and imaging procedures were outlined for both large field of view CCD-based imaging of pO2 in rats and 2-photon excitation based imaging of pO2 in mice.
10:44
Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for Cu(II) Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis
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Cited by 1 •
2019
Here, we present a protocol to synthesize nitrogen/oxygen dual-doped mesoporous carbon from biomass by chemical activation in different pyrolysis modes followed by modification. We demonstrate that the microwave pyrolysis benefits the subsequent modification process to simultaneously introduce more nitrogen and oxygen functional groups on the carbon.
09:08
Detecting Reactive Oxygen Species
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2023
Reactive oxygen species are chemically active, oxygen-derived molecules capable of oxidizing other molecules. Because of their reactive nature, there are many deleterious effects associated with unchecked ROS production, including structural damage to DNA and other biological molecules. However, ROS can also be mediators of physiological signaling. There is accumulating evidence that ROS play significant roles in everything from activation of transcription factors to the mediation of...
09:38
Dissolved Oxygen in Surface Water
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University Dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements calculate the amount of gaseous oxygen dissolved in surface water, which is important to all oxygen-breathing life in river ecosystems, including fish species preferred for human consumption (e.g. bluegill and bass), as well as decomposer species critical to the recycling of biogeochemical materials in the system. The oxygen dissolved in lakes, rivers, and oceans is crucial for the...
01:35
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends
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2023
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA. Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
FAQs
Its main physiological effect is to replace nitrogen within the lungs with oxygen, increasing the amount of oxygen held in the respiratory system before ventilation stops. This raises alveolar and arterial oxygen levels, so the body begins an intubation or airway procedure with a larger oxygen reservoir. The expanded reserve can delay oxygen desaturation while the patient is apneic.
Effectiveness depends on how well the mask fits, how the patient breathes, underlying lung function, and the presence of ventilation-perfusion abnormalities. A poor mask fit or an unfavorable breathing pattern can limit delivery of the intended inspired oxygen concentration. Lung disease or uneven matching of ventilation and blood flow may also reduce the resulting oxygen reserve.
Ventilation-perfusion abnormalities can interfere with the expected rise in oxygen levels because air reaching some lung regions may not match blood flow effectively. As a result, alveolar and arterial oxygenation may not increase uniformly, and the available reserve during apnea can be less than anticipated. Recognizing this limitation is important when airway management involves an interruption in ventilation.
The patient breathes a high inspired oxygen concentration before induction of anesthesia or airway management. The clinician must provide that oxygen through an appropriately fitting mask while allowing an effective breathing pattern. The goal is to raise alveolar and arterial oxygen levels before ventilation may be interrupted, thereby establishing the largest practical oxygen reserve for the upcoming procedure.
Clinicians use it before induction of anesthesia, tracheal intubation, emergency airway procedures, surgery, and procedural sedation. These situations may involve a temporary interruption in ventilation or breathing. Establishing a larger oxygen reserve beforehand can extend the time before oxygen desaturation, improving the safety margin while the airway is being managed.
During tracheal intubation, ventilation may be interrupted while the airway is secured. Pre-oxygenation raises the oxygen content available in the lungs and blood before that interruption occurs, allowing oxygen consumption to draw from a larger reserve. The expected clinical outcome is a longer interval before desaturation, although the duration remains influenced by mask fit, lung function, and ventilation-perfusion abnormalities.