Kupffer Vesicle
Kupffer Vesicle - Related Videos
03:53
Isolation and Culture of Mouse Kupffer Cells
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the isolation of Kupffer cells or liver macrophages from the mouse liver. The liver is perfused with a digestion solution followed by density gradient separation. The isolated adherent Kupffer cells can be used for further analysis.
08:11
Analysis of Gene Function and Visualization of Cilia-Generated Fluid Flow in Kupffer's Vesicle
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Cited by 19 •
2013
Cilia-generated fluid flow in Kupffer’s Vesicle (KV) controls left-right patterning of the zebrafish embryo. Here, we describe a technique to modulate gene function specifically in KV cells. In addition, we show how to deliver fluorescent beads into KV to visualize fluid flow.
09:49
Kupffer Cell Isolation for Nanoparticle Toxicity Testing
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Cited by 28 •
2015
Liver macrophages, named Kupffer cells, are responsible for the capture of circulating nanoparticles. We describe here a method, of high cell purity and yield, for Kupffer cell isolation. The modified LDH assay is used here to measure the toxicity induced by carbon nanotubes in Kupffer cells.
08:36
FM Dyes in Vesicle Recycling
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2023
FM dyes are a class of fluorescent molecules that has found important use in studying the vesicle recycling process. By virtue of a chemical structure, these molecules can insert themselves into the outer leaflet of phospholipid bilayer membranes. After membrane insertion, they are internalized into the cell via endocytosed vesicles, and released when these vesicles recycle back to the membrane. Since, these dyes fluoresce strongly in the hydrophobic environment within membranes and weakly in...
04:13
Extracellular Vesicle Extraction: A Technique to Isolate Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue Specimens Using Differential Centrifugation
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2023
This video describes the technique of extracting extracellular vesicles from fresh or frozen tissues. The isolated extracellular vesicles can be used for further analysis to uncover their significant roles in disease pathogenesis.
FAQs
Coordinated rotation of motile cilia generates directional fluid flow inside the vesicle. That physical movement provides an early asymmetry-breaking cue rather than merely moving fluid randomly. The resulting directional information activates asymmetric Nodal signaling, linking ciliary activity and fluid dynamics to the later establishment of distinct left and right sides in the developing zebrafish embryo.
Nodal signaling translates the directional cue produced by ciliary motion into a molecular developmental program. When signaling becomes asymmetric, it guides different developmental outcomes on the embryo’s two sides, including organ laterality. This creates a functional connection between an early physical event in the Kupffer vesicle and the patterned organization of the developing body.
Disrupted ciliary function can interfere with the directional process that establishes left-right asymmetry. If the associated signaling cue is altered, organs may develop with abnormal laterality or inconsistent left-right organization. Studying these outcomes helps researchers distinguish defects in ciliogenesis or ciliary motion from later problems in embryonic patterning and organ placement.
Because the Kupffer vesicle functions during early development and is transient, it provides a focused system for examining how embryos break initial symmetry. Researchers can relate ciliary activity, fluid movement, and Nodal signaling to the brief developmental period when left-right organization is established. This makes the organ especially relevant to early embryonic patterning rather than mature organ physiology.
The model supports investigation of several connected processes: cilium formation, coordinated ciliary motion, fluid dynamics, asymmetric Nodal signaling, and left-right body patterning. Examining these processes together helps researchers follow how a cellular structure produces a physical flow, how that flow influences signaling, and how signaling contributes to organ laterality.
The model links abnormal ciliary function with errors in left-right organization, providing a developmental context for disorders associated with organ laterality. Researchers can use the relationship among ciliogenesis, fluid flow, and asymmetric signaling to investigate where symmetry breaking fails. The resulting insights connect cellular-level defects with altered body patterning during embryonic development.
Studies can show whether left-right asymmetry depends on properly formed cilia, coordinated movement, directional fluid flow, or the activation of asymmetric Nodal signaling. Comparing these linked outcomes helps identify the stage at which symmetry breaking is affected. The findings clarify how physical forces and molecular signals cooperate during developmental pattern formation.