Capillary Water Loss
Capillary Water Loss - Related Videos
02:35
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
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2026
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.In land plants, the uppermost cell layer of a plant leaf, called the epidermis, is coated with a waxy substance called the cuticle. This hydrophobic layer is composed of the polymer cutin and...
08:50
Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Dr. B. Jill Venton - University of Virginia Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a separation technique that separates molecules in an electric field according to size and charge. CE is performed in a small glass tube called a capillary that is filled with an electrolyte solution. Analytes are separated due to differences in electrophoretic mobility, which varies with charge, solvent viscosity, and size. Traditional electrophoresis in gels is limited in the amount of voltage...
14:53
Capillary Electrophoresis Separation of Monoclonal Antibody Isoforms Using a Neutral Capillary
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Here, we present a comprehensive capillary zone electrophoresis protocol for the assessment of intrinsic physicochemical heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies as a quality attribute.
12:27
Piping Networks and Pressure Losses
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2023
Source: Alexander S Rattner, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA This experiment introduces the measurement and modeling of pressure losses in piping networks and internal flow systems. In such systems, frictional flow resistance from channel walls, fittings, and obstructions causes mechanical energy in the form of fluid pressure to be converted to heat. Engineering analyses are needed to size flow hardware to ensure...
01:10
Line Loss
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2024
The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss. Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
FAQs
Surface tension and wetting forces pull liquid through small pore spaces, but continued movement depends on what happens at or near the material surface. Evaporation removes water and pressure differences can also sustain transport. Together, these effects maintain internal moisture movement and produce gradients rather than uniform drying throughout the porous system.
The connected structure of pores and capillaries strongly influences how water moves and how much moisture the material retains. Small pore spaces support capillary transport through surface-tension and wetting effects, while the degree of interconnection determines available pathways. These structural differences help explain variations in drying behavior among engineering materials.
Moisture gradients show that water is not removed evenly from every region of a porous material. Differences in local moisture content can affect drying behavior and are associated with material responses such as shrinkage and cracking. Tracking these gradients therefore helps engineers connect fluid transport with changes in performance and durability.
An engineering evaluation considers how the material retains moisture, how it dries, and how water transport changes its condition. Researchers may examine these behaviors in relation to shrinkage, cracking, durability, and fluid movement. The resulting assessment supports comparisons among porous systems and helps identify moisture-related performance concerns.
The process is relevant to soils, concrete, ceramics, masonry, and other porous systems. These materials differ in their pore structures and in how moisture movement affects performance, but each can develop drying behavior and internal moisture gradients. Studying several material classes helps engineers address moisture control across construction and broader porous-material applications.
Understanding the forces and pathways governing water movement helps engineers design materials with more suitable moisture-retention and drying characteristics. It also clarifies how drying may contribute to shrinkage, cracking, or reduced durability. Those insights support moisture-control strategies and improve predictions of how porous materials will perform over their service life.