Laser Guide Star
Laser Guide Star - Related Videos
06:40
Laser-guided Neuronal Tracing In Brain Explants
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2015
We describe a technique to label neurons and their processes via anterograde or retrograde tracer injections into brain nuclei using an in vitro preparation. We modified an existing method of in vitro tracer electroporation by taking advantage of fluorescently labeled mouse mutants and basic optical equipment in order to increase labeling accuracy.
10:53
Image-guided, Laser-based Fabrication of Vascular-derived Microfluidic Networks
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Cited by 10 •
2017
This protocol outlines the implementation of image-guided, laser-based hydrogel degradation to fabricate vascular-derived, biomimetic microfluidic networks embedded in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels. These biomimetic microfluidic systems may be useful for tissue engineering applications, generation of in vitro disease models, and fabrication of advanced "on-a-chip" devices.
09:29
Stereotactic Atlas-Guided Laser Capture Microdissection of Brain Regions Affected by Traumatic Injury
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Cited by 3 •
2017
We describe the use of laser capture microdissection to obtain samples of distinct cell populations from different brain regions for gene and microRNA analysis. This technique allows the study of differential effects of traumatic brain injury in specific regions of the rat brain.
08:48
Fluorescence-Guided Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization with Laser-Induced Postionization Mass Spectrometry of Individual Rat Neural Cells
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2025
This protocol outlines the use of microMS for fluorescence-guided, single-cell MALDI-2 mass spectrometry, enabling enhanced molecular profiling of primary rat neuronal cells.
14:18
Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
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Cited by 2 •
2016
A protocol to detect and automate mode locking in a pre-adjusted nonlinear polarization rotation fiber laser is presented. The detection of a sudden change in the output polarization state when mode locking occurs is used to command the alignment of an intra-cavity polarization controller in order to find mode-locking conditions.
FAQs
Sodium atoms provide the fluorescent target that makes the artificial reference detectable. A sodium laser excites these atoms in the mesosphere, at roughly 90 kilometers altitude, and the resulting fluorescence appears to the telescope as a point source. This optical response gives the wavefront-sensing system a measurable reference for evaluating atmospheric effects.
The telescope first measures the fluorescent reference, while wavefront sensors determine how atmospheric turbulence has distorted the incoming light. Those measurements guide commands to a deformable mirror, whose shape changes rapidly to compensate for the distortion. Coordinating measurement, calculation, and mirror response allows the optical system to improve image quality during observation.
Natural guide stars are not available for every observation or telescope direction. An artificial reference created at a selected location in the upper atmosphere gives adaptive-optics equipment a usable point source in those situations. This expands the circumstances in which astronomers can apply atmospheric correction and pursue high-resolution observations with advanced optical instruments.
A working system coordinates the laser, the atmospheric sodium target, the telescope, wavefront sensors, and the deformable mirror. The laser produces the reference signal, the telescope collects it, sensors calculate the distortion, and the mirror applies the correction. System performance therefore depends on integrating light generation, measurement, computation, and rapid optical adjustment.
The procedure begins by directing a sodium laser toward the upper atmosphere to produce fluorescent light. The telescope then observes that artificial point source, and wavefront sensors analyze the measured signal to estimate atmospheric distortion. Finally, the system uses those calculations to adjust a deformable mirror, reducing the distortion affecting the observed image.
Laser guide stars provide an engineering basis for combining reference-light generation, wavefront measurement, and active mirror control in one observing system. Their use helps designers address image distortion from atmospheric turbulence rather than treating it as an unavoidable limitation. The approach informs advanced optical instruments intended to deliver higher-resolution observations when natural references cannot be used.