Natural Aggregates
Natural Aggregates - Related Videos
01:10
Nature and Nurture
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2019
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
10:10
Aggregates for Concrete and Asphaltic Mixes
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2023
Source: Roberto Leon, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Concrete and asphalt are by far the most common construction materials used today. Concrete is a composite material consisting of cement, water, air, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregates. Fine aggregates are typically sands and coarse aggregates are natural or crushed rocks. Chemical admixtures to modify certain specific properties are also commonly used (i.e., superplasticizers to make the...
06:48
Natural Selection - Concepts
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2019
Fitness Widespread variation of phenotypes in natural populations provides the raw material for evolution, which is the change in the inherited traits of populations over successive generations. Natural selection is one of the main mechanisms of evolution and requires variable traits to be heritable and associated with differential survival and/or reproductive success. Phenotypes that correlate with greater success will have more offspring that survive to reproduce in the next generation, and...
08:53
Natural Selection - Student Protocol
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2019
Simulating Natural Selection ExpandTo begin, cut the white, black, and gray pipe cleaners into quarters, which should produce a total of 100 pieces that are 3 inches long. Then, cut the green pipe cleaners in the quantities and lengths specified in the video, taking care to minimize waste. This approximates a normal distribution of lengths and should result in an additional 100 pieces total. NOTE: One 12-inch pipe cleaner should yield multiple lengths, for example, a 5-inch piece and a 7-inch...
11:57
Methods to Study Changes in Inherent Protein Aggregation with Age in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Cited by 7 •
2017
The goal of the method presented here is to explore protein aggregation during normal aging in the model organism C. elegans. The protocol represents a powerful tool to study the highly insoluble large aggregates that form with age and to determine how changes in proteostasis impact protein aggregation.
FAQs
Particle-size distribution controls how particles fit together, affecting interlock, friction, density, and deformation. Screening helps produce a controlled range of sizes, while compaction improves contact between particles. In bound materials such as concrete or asphalt, an appropriate distribution supports load transfer through the aggregate skeleton and contributes to more consistent structural performance.
These properties influence how an aggregate assembly carries loads and withstands service conditions. Particle size affects packing, shape affects contact and interlock, strength supports load transfer, and durability helps maintain performance over time. Engineers therefore evaluate these characteristics together rather than relying on appearance or source location alone when choosing materials for construction.
Moisture behavior affects the condition and response of aggregate during placement and service, while density indicates how closely particles are packed. Engineers assess both because compaction and particle contact help limit deformation and improve load transfer. Density and moisture-related test results can therefore guide decisions about suitability for bases, foundations, embankments, and other engineered layers.
Preparation commonly includes screening, washing, and crushing, selected according to the source material and the required aggregate characteristics. Screening separates particles by size, washing addresses unwanted material associated with the deposit, and crushing produces usable particles from quarried rock. These steps help establish a controlled particle-size distribution for subsequent placement or binding.
Key evaluations include grading, density, abrasion resistance, and moisture behavior. Grading indicates the particle-size distribution, density supports assessment of packing, abrasion resistance addresses how the material withstands wear, and moisture testing examines its response to water-related conditions. Together, these results help engineers judge material quality and select aggregates for specific construction uses.
Selection depends on the intended application and the performance required from the aggregate assembly. Concrete and asphalt use cement or bitumen to bind particles, whereas road bases, drainage layers, foundations, and embankments depend more directly on particle contact, friction, and compaction. Matching aggregate quality and availability to each use affects safety, service life, cost, and resource efficiency.