Cytokine Producing Cells
Cytokine Producing Cells - Related Videos
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Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Described here is a method for producing exogenous cytokine in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice via weekly intraperitoneal injection of a cytokine-transduced stromal cell line. This method broadens the utility of PDX and provides the option for transient or sustained exogenous cytokine delivery in a multitude of PDX models.
10:24
Automated Cell Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells for Clinical Applications using the Cytokine-capture System
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Cited by 23 •
2015
The goal of this protocol is to manufacture pathogen-specific clinical-grade T cells using a bench-top, automated, second generation cell enrichment device that incorporates a closed cytokine capture system and does not require dedicated staff or use of a GMP facility. The cytomegalovirus pp65-specific-T cells generated can be directly administered to patients.
07:01
An In Vitro Technique to Differentiate GM-CSF Producing T Helper Cells from Naïve T Cells
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2025
This video demonstrates the in vitro differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor or GM-CSF-producing T helper cells (THGM). Isolated naïve T cells are stimulated for differentiation into THGM, which is confirmed by detecting high intracellular GM-CSF production and a low expression of other T helper cell-specific cytokines.
05:00
Ex Vivo T Cell Stimulation in the Pancreatic Tumor: A Method to Increase Cytokine Production in T Cells
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2023
This article describes the technique for ex vivo T cell stimulation to increase the intracellular concentration of cytokines such as interferon-gamma or IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-alpha in the T cell. These cytokines mediate an effective anti-tumor response and can have a therapeutic role in the...
08:32
Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
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Cited by 2 •
2014
We describe a protocol to measure the antiviral cytokine production in mice infected with a model herpesvirus, murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) that is closely-related to human Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Utilizing genetically modified mouse strains and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we assessed the antiviral cytokine production both in vivo and ex vivo. “Reconstituting” the expression of innate immune components in knockout embryonic...
FAQs
Detection of a pathogen, antigen, or inflammatory signal initiates gene transcription for selected cytokines. The resulting messenger RNA is translated into cytokine proteins, which are then released from the cell. This sequence connects recognition of an infectious or inflammatory stimulus with a measurable signaling response and helps explain which cell populations become active during immune responses.
Autocrine signaling acts on the cell that released the cytokine, while paracrine signaling affects nearby cells. Systemic signaling extends the influence through the body and can affect tissues distant from the original response. Distinguishing these pathways helps researchers interpret whether cytokine-producing cells are regulating their own activity, coordinating local immune cells, or contributing to broader inflammation.
Cytokine release can coordinate immune defenses and communication among cells during infection, supporting a protective response. The same signaling activity can also contribute to harmful inflammation when its effects become damaging to tissues. Measuring which cells produce cytokines and examining their relationship to infection helps researchers investigate how immune regulation shifts between beneficial and detrimental outcomes.
These methods provide complementary ways to measure cytokine production in immune research. Intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry support analysis of cytokine-producing cell populations, whereas ELISpot measures cytokine-producing responses in a spot-based assay format. Together, they help reveal which cells respond and provide data for immune monitoring, vaccine evaluation, and disease research.
A study first examines cells exposed to a pathogen, antigen, or inflammatory signal, then assesses cytokine production using intracellular cytokine staining, flow cytometry, or ELISpot. Researchers interpret the measurements to identify responding cell populations and characterize immune communication. This workflow links the experimental stimulus to cellular cytokine responses without treating all immune cells as equally active.
Researchers study these cells when they need to determine which populations respond to infection, evaluate immune regulation, or investigate why inflammation becomes protective or harmful. The same measurements are also relevant to immune monitoring, vaccine evaluation, and disease research. Results can connect cytokine production with broader changes in immune communication and tissue responses.