Fl-ha Binding
Fl-ha Binding - Related Videos
03:03
Measuring the Activation of Fc-Mediated Effector Functions by HA Antibodies
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay measuring the antibody-mediated activation of T cell effector functions. Adding an influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA)-specific monoclonal antibody to transfected mammalian cells expressing HA results in the formation of immune complexes with HA. Upon introducing engineered T cells expressing Fc receptors and a luciferase reporter, the T cells are activated by the antibody-HA complexes, and this activation is detected by adding a luciferase substrate and...
12:24
PAR-CliP - A Method to Identify Transcriptome-wide the Binding Sites of RNA Binding Proteins
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Cited by 267 •
2010
RNA transcripts are subject to extensive posttranscriptional regulation that is mediated by a multitude of trans-acting RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Here we present a generalizable method to identify precisely and on a transcriptome-wide scale the RNA binding sites of RBPs.
02:18
The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength
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2020
The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium: where P and L are the unbound protein and ligand, respectively, and PL is the protein-ligand complex. As the amount of bound ligand is also related to the rate of ligand binding, experiments can also determine Kb by examining the rates of protein-ligand association (kon) and dissociation (koff) using the following ratio: Thus,...
14:28
Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
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Cited by 2 •
2013
Techniques to dissect the mechanisms underlying the secretion of HIV-1 Nef in exosomes are described. Specific short peptides derived from Nef and protein transfection were exploited to determine the structure, function, and binding partners of Nef’s Secretion Modification Region. These procedures have general relevance in many mechanistic studies.
02:40
Ligand Binding Sites
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2020
Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands. Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
FAQs
HA does not recognize sialic acids solely by their presence. The linkage connecting each sialic acid, together with how the receptor is presented on a host cell, influences whether HA can attach efficiently. These features help explain why related influenza viruses may differ in the cells, tissues, or species they can target.
Changes that modify HA recognition of sialic acid-containing receptors can alter which host cells support attachment. Consequently, binding patterns provide a molecular basis for examining host range, meaning the species a virus can infect, and tissue tropism, meaning its preference for particular tissues. These measurements also contribute to studies of influenza transmission.
Binding marks an early interaction between the viral surface and a host-cell receptor before later entry events occur. Examining this interaction helps investigators determine whether HA recognizes a particular receptor arrangement and how that recognition may influence the initiation of viral entry. The result connects receptor specificity with early infection biology.
A binding assay can be used to evaluate receptor specificity by comparing how HA interacts with different sialic acid-containing receptor presentations. The resulting patterns help characterize attachment preferences and support analysis of host range, tissue tropism, and transmission. They also provide an experimental basis for comparing viral or antibody-related changes in recognition.
Researchers can examine whether antibodies alter the interaction between HA and its receptor target. Such measurements help characterize neutralizing antibodies, which are antibodies that interfere with viral activity, by relating antibody recognition to reduced or modified receptor binding. This application connects molecular binding behavior with immune control of influenza infection.
HA binding studies identify receptor-recognition properties that are important for influenza infection and transmission. They also help monitor antigenic changes, meaning changes in viral features recognized by the immune system. These findings can inform evaluation of vaccine targets and support development of antiviral strategies aimed at disrupting or controlling early virus-host interactions.