Host-cell Monolayer
Host-cell Monolayer - Related Videos
02:04
Generation of a Human Colonoid Monolayer with Barrier Function to Study Host–Pathogen Interactions
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2026
Source: In, J. G.,et al. Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium. J. Vis. Exp. (2019).This video demonstrates the procedure for culturing colon-derived epithelial cells on a collagen-coated Transwell system to generate a mucus-producing monolayer that models the intestinal barrier and enables host–pathogen interaction studies.
04:15
Extracting Host Cell Lysate from Infected Host Cells Cultured in a Permeable Membrane System
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2025
This video demonstrates a permeable membrane insert system to investigate the impact of bacterial toxins on host cells in a controlled and isolated manner. This approach allows for the selective exposure of the cells to the toxins while maintaining a physical separation that mimics the natural host-pathogen interaction.
03:05
Detection of Bacterial Adherence to Host Cells Using Fluorescence Imaging
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2025
This video demonstrates the bacterial adherence assay to evaluate GFP-tagged bacterial adherence to epithelial cell culture to study the dynamics of host-pathogen interactions using fluorescence microscopy-based imaging.
03:41
Isolation of Intracellular Pathogenic Bacteria from Infected Host Cells
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2026
Source: Sigal, N., et al. RNA Purification from Intracellularly Grown Listeria monocytogenes in Macrophage Cells. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).This video demonstrates the isolation of internalized pathogenic bacteria from infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Bacteria are allowed to attach to host cells, and unattached bacteria are washed away. After internalization, an antibiotic is added to eliminate non-internalized bacteria. The host cells are lysed, centrifuged, and the supernatant is...
03:39
Studying Lymphocyte Transmigration Across a Microvascular Endothelial Cell Monolayer
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2025
This video demonstrates an experimental investigation of lymphocyte transmigration across a blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium model. A monolayer of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) is generated in vitro, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) containing lymphocytes are added to the monolayer. The cells are then incubated to allow lymphocyte transmigration, and the migrated cells are quantified using flow cytometry.
FAQs
Confluence creates continuous contacts between neighboring cells, making the culture more suitable for examining how infection moves through a tissue-like layer. These contacts also allow researchers to observe changes in barrier integrity and the spread of cellular damage. As a result, differences in pathogen behavior can be assessed under more standardized conditions than in disconnected cells.
Cell-surface receptors provide the initial binding sites through which infectious agents interact with host cells. This attachment can influence subsequent entry and replication, making receptor-dependent interactions an important mechanistic focus. Observing infection across a connected layer helps researchers relate these early binding events to later spread between neighboring cells and broader cellular responses.
Several outcomes provide complementary evidence of infection: successful entry, intracellular replication, movement between neighboring cells, cytopathic effects, barrier disruption, and changes in host immune signaling. Cytopathic effects indicate visible cellular damage, whereas signaling changes reveal how the host responds. Measuring these outcomes together can distinguish pathogen-driven injury from immune-related cellular activity.
A standardized cellular layer provides a common setting in which researchers can compare pathogen entry, replication, spread, cytopathic effects, and barrier disruption. Holding the host-cell system consistent makes observed differences more closely associated with the infectious agents or experimental conditions being tested. This supports comparative assessments of microbial virulence and cellular responses.
Researchers first grow host cells on a culture surface until they attach, spread, and form a continuous layer. They then introduce the infectious agent under controlled laboratory conditions and examine entry, replication, and spread. Subsequent observations can focus on cellular damage, barrier changes, or immune signaling, depending on the experimental question.
The system requires host cells grown on a culture surface, an infectious agent, and controlled laboratory conditions that support observation of their interaction. Depending on the study, researchers may also evaluate antiviral or antimicrobial treatments within the same model. Keeping the cellular layer and testing conditions standardized improves comparisons among infection or treatment conditions.
They are useful when a treatment must be assessed in the context of infected host cells rather than against the infectious agent alone. Researchers can examine whether treatment-related changes affect pathogen entry, replication, spread, cytopathic effects, barrier disruption, or immune signaling. The model therefore connects treatment evaluation with measurable cellular outcomes during infection.
The model links pathogen behavior with host responses in the same experimental system. Infection can be examined alongside changes in barrier integrity and immune signaling, allowing researchers to study how cellular defenses respond as pathogens enter, replicate, or spread. This makes the approach relevant to investigations of microbial virulence, host susceptibility, and treatment-associated cellular effects.