Humanized Xenograft Model
Humanized Xenograft Model - Related Videos
02:26
A Technique to Generate a Human PBMC-Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Mouse Model
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay to generate a humanized xenograft mouse model. An immunocompromised mouse is injected with cyclophosphamide to cause immune cell depletion. Patient-derived tumor cells mixed with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a hydrogel are subcutaneously injected into the mouse, forming a tumor with infiltrating T cells.
10:52
Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Cited by 1 •
2018
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a difficult to treat B cell disorder and it is equally difficult to establish a xenograft mouse model of primary MCL to study and develop therapeutics. Here, we describe the successful establishment of MCL xenografts in mice to help understand its underlying biology.
10:04
Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis
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Cited by 16 •
2015
Human multiple myeloma (MM) cells require the supportive microenvironment of mesenchymal cells and extracellular matrix components for survival and proliferation. We established an in vivo chicken embryo model with engrafted human myeloma and mesenchymal cells to study effects of cancer drugs on tumor growth, invasion and angiogenesis.
10:35
Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
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Cited by 15 •
2013
Human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice are valuable tools to study cancer biology. Specific protocols to generate subcutaneous and intrahepatic xenografts from human hepatocellular carcinoma cells or tumor fragments are described. Liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy in recipient mice is presented as a strategy to facilitate intrahepatic engraftment.
03:16
Patient-derived Xenograft Modeling: A Technique to Generate Melanoma Mouse Models
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2023
In this video, human-derived melanoma cells are implanted subcutaneously into the flank region of an immunocompromised mouse. The PDX model allows preclinical investigation of melanoma cells that better recapitulate the tumor heterogeneity and melanoma aggressiveness observed in in vivo conditions.
FAQs
Immunodeficiency is crucial because it reduces rejection of the human graft, allowing implanted cells, tissues, or organs to persist in vivo. When human hematopoietic stem cells or immune tissues engraft, they can generate human immune-cell populations. This creates an experimental setting for examining immune responses during infection without relying solely on the host’s immune system.
The model can be configured with human hematopoietic stem cells or with human immune tissues, depending on the biological question. Stem-cell engraftment supports the generation of human immune-cell populations, whereas implanted immune tissues provide a different route to representing human immune biology. This choice shapes which host-pathogen interactions or cellular responses can be examined.
Compared with conventional animal models, humanized xenograft models can provide more human-relevant conditions for selected infection and immune studies because they incorporate human cells, tissues, organs, or immune-cell populations. However, the host remains immunodeficient and contains nonhuman tissues, so the model captures selected aspects rather than every feature of human disease. This distinction helps researchers use it for targeted questions while avoiding overgeneralization.
A basic experimental workflow begins with an immunodeficient animal, followed by implantation of selected human cells, tissues, or organs. Investigators then assess whether human immune-cell populations are generated when hematopoietic stem cells or immune tissues are used, before examining infection, immune responses, vaccine activity, or anti-infective treatment. The exact graft choice follows the study objective.
Humanized xenograft models can address pathogen tropism, host-pathogen interactions, and immune-cell responses in vivo. They also support evaluation of vaccines and anti-infective therapies under conditions that include human immune components. These uses connect infection experiments with mechanistic questions, such as how a pathogen interacts with host cells, and translational questions about treatment activity.
Findings require careful interpretation because human grafted components coexist with host tissues that are not human. Differences between those tissues can influence how infection, immune-cell responses, vaccines, or anti-infective therapies appear in the model. Consequently, results can clarify disease mechanisms and guide development, but they should not be treated as a complete reproduction of human biology.