Regulatory T Cells
Regulatory T Cells - Related Videos
14:23
Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
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Cited by 29 •
2012
We describe a method for generating regulatory, memory and naïve T cells from a single human blood donor. Polarized Tregs can be then compared to other subsets in a variety of genetic and functional applications with genetic homogeneity, including a suppression assay also detailed here.
10:10
Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
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Cited by 6 •
2016
We present here a method to develop functional antigen (Ag)-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for immunotherapy of autoimmune arthritis in a murine model.
02:02
Cis-regulatory Sequences
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2020
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
16:26
Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
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Cited by 2 •
2007
09:27
New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
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Cited by 4 •
2013
CD4+ Regulatory T cells are potent immune-modulators and serve important functions in immune homeostasis. The paucity of these cells in peripheral blood makes functional studies challenging, specifically in the context of HIV-1-infection. We here describe a method to isolate and expand functional CD4+ Tregs from peripheral blood from HIV-1-infected individuals.
FAQs
These mechanisms reduce immune activation through different inhibitory routes. CTLA-4 provides an inhibitory receptor pathway, while consumption of interleukin-2 limits a signal associated with immune-cell activity. Secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β adds cytokine-mediated suppression. Together, these processes help restrain excessive responses and reduce the risk of infection-associated tissue damage.
Infection requires effective pathogen-specific immunity, but an uncontrolled response can produce damaging inflammation. Tregs help shape this balance by limiting excessive immune activation while influencing pathogen-specific responses. Their activity therefore affects both inflammatory control and disease outcome, making them important subjects in studies of how infections progress and how tissue injury develops.
Treg activity can alter the strength and character of immunity directed against a pathogen. By suppressing excessive activation and shaping pathogen-specific responses, these cells may influence whether inflammation remains controlled or becomes damaging. Infection research therefore examines Tregs not only as regulators of inflammation, but also as contributors to variation in disease outcomes.
In autoimmune disease, research focuses on how Treg-mediated suppression relates to misdirected immune responses and maintenance of self-tolerance. In chronic infections, investigators examine how the same regulatory activity shapes persistent pathogen-specific immunity and inflammation. These settings provide complementary contexts for studying when immune restraint protects tissues and when it may influence disease progression.
Transplantation and cancer research both examine immune suppression, but in different disease contexts. Tregs are studied for how their inhibitory activity may affect immune responses toward transplanted tissue or within tumors. Their expression of FOXP3 and use of pathways involving CTLA-4, interleukin-2, IL-10, and TGF-β provide important features for investigating these regulatory effects.
Therapeutic research can aim either to enhance Treg-mediated suppression or to restrain it, depending on the desired immune outcome. Increasing suppression may be relevant when limiting excessive or misdirected responses is the priority, whereas reducing suppression may be investigated when stronger immune activity is sought. These strategies connect Treg biology with autoimmune disease, infection, transplantation, and cancer research.