Line Steepness

Line steepness describes how sharply a line rises or falls and is quantified mathematically by its slope. Slope is calculated as the change in the vertical coordinate divided by the change in the horizontal coordinate, commonly written as m = (y₂ − y₁)/(x₂ − x₁); positive values indicate an upward trend, negative values a downward trend, and zero a horizontal line. In mathematics, line steepness helps compare rates of change, interpret linear equations, and predict how one variable responds to another. It also supports graph analysis in algebra, coordinate geometry, calculus, physics, economics, and data modeling.

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Education

JoVE Core - Chemistry

Indicators

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2020

Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are called...

Research

JoVE Journal - Environment

Composition and Properties of Aquafaba: Water Recovered from Commercially Canned Chickpeas

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Cited by 77 •

2018

Aquafaba is a viscous juice from canned chickpea that, when stirred vigorously, produces a relatively stable white froth or foam. The primary research goal is to identify the components of aquafaba that contribute viscosifying/thickening properties using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultrafiltration, electrophoresis, and peptide mass fingerprinting.

Establishing a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rat Model Induced by Autologous Blood Injection

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2025

This video demonstrates the procedure for establishing a subarachnoid hemorrhage rat model. An anesthetized rat is implanted with probes to measure intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. The target site is identified, and the needle is inserted at a pre-chiasmatic position. Autologous blood is then injected into the subarachnoid space, increasing intracranial pressure and decreasing cerebral blood flow, establishing the model.

Assessing Cell Viability and Death in 3D Spheroid Cultures of Cancer Cells

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Cited by 35 •

2019

Here, we present several simple methods for evaluating viability and death in 3D cancer cell spheroids, which mimic the physico-chemical gradients of in vivo tumors much better than the 2D culture. The spheroid model, therefore, allows evaluation of the cancer drug efficacy with improved translation to in vivo conditions.

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

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Cited by 24 •

2011

Bladder tumors are established in female mice in a minimally invasive fashion through catheterization, local cauterization, and subsequent adhesion of carcinoma cells to the burn sites.

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