Cover Test
Cover Test - Related Videos
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10:36
Optimization of An Air-Based Heat Management System for Dusty Particulate Matter-Covered Lithium-Ion Battery Packs
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12:09
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The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
09:07
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
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Cited by 14 •
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Gonadal hormones such as estrogen modulate memory formation in a number of experimental paradigms including fear extinction memory. This protocol describes a set of methods for investigating the influence of gonadal hormones specifically during extinction in naturally cycling females, including estrous cycle monitoring and exogenous estrogen administration.
FAQs
Binocular fusion normally helps the eyes maintain a single aligned image. When the examiner covers one eye or alternates the cover, this cooperative alignment is temporarily interrupted. If the uncovered eye makes a refixation movement, the test has exposed an underlying deviation that fusion had been controlling. This distinction is especially important when evaluating a latent phoria rather than an obvious tropia.
The cover-uncover portion observes the uncovered eye while the fellow eye is covered, helping identify a manifest misalignment. Alternating the cover repeatedly prevents the eyes from working together binocularly and is more useful for bringing a latent deviation to light. Using both approaches allows the examiner to assess whether misalignment is apparent under ordinary viewing or emerges only after fusion is disrupted.
A refixation movement shows that the observed eye changed its position to acquire or maintain fixation on the target. Its presence supports ocular misalignment, while the direction of movement helps characterize the deviation. This observation provides more information than simply noting whether the eyes look aligned at rest, because fusion can temporarily conceal a latent deviation during ordinary binocular viewing.
A fixation target gives the patient a consistent visual reference while the examiner observes ocular position and movement. Maintaining fixation makes any corrective movement easier to interpret because the eye is responding to a stable viewing demand. If fixation is not maintained, observed movements may be harder to characterize, limiting the examination's ability to distinguish the presence and direction of ocular deviation.
The patient first fixates on a target while the examiner watches the eyes. One eye is covered, and the uncovered eye is observed for a refixation movement. The cover may then be removed or alternated between eyes to interrupt binocular fusion and reveal a latent deviation. The examiner records whether movement occurs and uses its direction to characterize the misalignment.
Clinicians use this noninvasive examination when assessing suspected ocular misalignment or binocular vision problems in children and adults. The findings can help distinguish manifest strabismus from a deviation controlled by fusion, adding information that may not be visible during ordinary observation. Results support decisions about whether additional ophthalmic examination, treatment planning, or referral is appropriate.