In Vivo Model
In Vivo Model - Related Videos
12:31
In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
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Cited by 66 •
2013
Here, we present a systematic approach for developing physiologically relevant, sensitive and specific in vivo assays for interpreting variation in human pathology. Transient genetic manipulation via microinjection of WT and mutant human mRNA and morpholino (MO) antisense oligonucleotides harness the tractability of the developing zebrafish embryo to rapidly assay pathogenic mutations, especially, but not exclusively, in the context of human developmental disorders.
12:03
In Vivo Model for Testing Effect of Hypoxia on Tumor Metastasis
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Cited by 6 •
2016
This manuscript describes the development of an animal model that allows for the direct testing of the effects of tumor hypoxia on metastasis and the deciphering the mechanisms of its action. Although the experiments described here focus on Ewing sarcoma, a similar approach can be applied to other tumor types.
12:31
An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast
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Cited by 8 •
2015
We have developed a novel ex vivo model to study hormone action in the human breast. It is based on tissue microstructures isolated from surgical breast tissue specimens which preserve tissue architecture, intercellular interactions, and paracrine signaling.
09:16
Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System
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Cited by 36 •
2015
Ex vivo ERG can be used to record electrical activity of retinal cells directly from isolated intact retinas of animals or humans. We demonstrate here how common in vivo ERG systems can be adapted for ex vivo ERG recordings in order to dissect the electrical activity of retinal cells.
08:06
Somatic Genome-Engineered Mouse Models Using In Vivo Microinjection and Electroporation
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Cited by 2 •
2023
This protocol describes microinjection and in vivo electroporation for regionally restricted CRISPR-mediated genome editing in the mouse oviduct.
FAQs
The main advantage is physiological integration: an intervention can be evaluated while organs, immune responses, metabolism, and treatment targets interact in the same organism. This matters because a result may reflect cross-system effects that isolated laboratory observations cannot capture. Consequently, in vivo model findings can reveal whether an intervention produces coordinated and medically relevant biological outcomes.
Researchers judge model relevance by how well the selected organism and observed condition address the medical question. The condition may be introduced or monitored, and outcomes are then interpreted in relation to disease mechanisms, treatment response, or toxicity. This alignment helps determine whether evidence is useful for translation rather than simply demonstrating an effect in a living system.
Useful measurements may include behavior, tissue changes, biomarkers, and survival. Each provides a different view of the response: behavior can indicate functional effects, tissue analysis can show structural changes, biomarkers can track biological processes, and survival can capture an overall outcome. Combining these measurements helps connect treatment exposure with disease mechanisms and physiological consequences.
A typical study begins by introducing or observing a defined condition in the organism, followed by evaluating a medical intervention when appropriate. Researchers then collect measurements such as behavior, tissue changes, biomarkers, or survival. Comparing these outcomes across the study design allows investigators to assess disease-related processes, treatment effects, pharmacokinetics, or toxicity within the intact physiological system.
In medicine, these models are used to examine pathophysiology, drug efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity before clinical testing. They provide evidence about how an intervention behaves in an intact organism and whether its effects justify further evaluation. This stage helps connect laboratory findings with decisions about potential safety, biological activity, and readiness for clinical investigation.
Scientific value depends not only on collecting measurements but also on using a model that appropriately addresses the medical question. Careful attention to animal welfare is therefore essential alongside evaluation of disease mechanisms, treatment responses, and toxicity. A relevant design can produce more meaningful evidence, while responsible study conduct supports the ethical use of living organisms in medical research.