Particle Engineering
Particle Engineering - Related Videos
03:41
Production of Virus-like Particles in Engineered E. coli
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2026
Source: Chen, Z., et al. Making Conjugation-induced Fluorescent PEGylated Virus-like Particles by Dibromomaleimide-disulfide Chemistry. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)This video demonstrates the method for the controlled expression of the bacteriophage Qβ coat protein in engineered E. coli. The resulting proteins self-assemble into virus-like particles, which are harvested for downstream bioconjugation.
03:27
Labeling of Surface-Accessible Cysteine Residues in Engineered Virus-Like Particles
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2026
Source: Natilla, A.,and Hammond, R. W. Analysis of the Solvent Accessibility of Cysteine Residues on Maize rayado fino virus Virus-like Particles Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants and Cross-linking of Peptides to VLPs. J. Vis. Exp. (2013)This video demonstrates site-specific fluorescent labeling of mutant virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in Nicotiana benthamiana using a thiol-reactive dye, followed by purification and gel electrophoresis to confirm surface modification.
16:31
Echo Particle Image Velocimetry
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Cited by 10 •
2012
An echo particle image velocimetry (EPIV) system capable of acquiring two-dimensional fields of velocity in optically opaque fluids or through optically opaque geometries is described, and validation measurements in pipe flow are reported.
10:38
An Overview of Genetic Engineering
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2023
Genetic engineering – the process of purposefully altering an organism’s DNA – has been used to create powerful research tools and model organisms, and has also seen many agricultural applications. However, in order to engineer traits to tackle complex agricultural problems such as stress tolerance, or to realize the promise of gene therapy for treating human diseases, further advances in the field are still needed. Important considerations include the safe and efficient delivery of genetic...
11:59
High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
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Cited by 19 •
2013
A procedure for studying transient flows near boundaries using high-resolution, high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) is described here. PIV is a non-intrusive measurement technique applicable to any optically accessible flow by optimizing several parameter constraints such as the image and recording properties, the laser sheet properties, and analysis algorithms.
FAQs
Particle size, shape, porosity, composition, and surface chemistry can each change how a formulation behaves. These attributes influence flow during handling, dissolution, dispersion, stability over time, and interactions with biological environments. Engineering them together allows researchers to target a particular medicine performance profile rather than treating particle characteristics as fixed properties.
Crystallization, milling, spray drying, and surface modification provide different routes for tuning particle behavior. The appropriate choice depends on which properties need control, such as size, composition, porosity, or surface chemistry, and which performance goal matters most, including flow, dissolution, dispersion, stability, or biological interaction. The processes are therefore complementary rather than interchangeable.
Poor water solubility can limit how effectively a drug performs in a medicine. Particle engineering addresses this challenge by adjusting properties that affect dissolution and dispersion, which can improve the drug’s bioavailability, meaning the amount available for its intended biological action. This approach is especially relevant when developing formulations for poorly water-soluble drugs.
A development strategy begins by identifying the desired medicine performance, then selecting particle properties that can support it. Researchers may focus on size, shape, composition, porosity, or surface chemistry and choose processes such as crystallization, milling, spray drying, or surface modification. The resulting design is judged by properties including flow, dissolution, dispersion, stability, and biological interaction.
Engineered particles can support several medicine formats, including oral, inhaled, injectable, and implantable therapies. The relevant particle requirements may differ by route because the formulation must achieve suitable dissolution, dispersion, stability, or interaction with biological environments. This flexibility makes particle engineering useful across multiple delivery approaches rather than limiting it to a single dosage form.
Controlling particle properties can make formulation behavior more predictable during manufacturing and use. Improved control of flow, dissolution, dispersion, and stability helps support more consistent processing and dose performance. In medicine development, this consistency complements the effort to improve solubility, bioavailability, controlled delivery, or targeted delivery, linking particle design with both product quality and therapeutic function.