Plantar Dermatome
Plantar Dermatome - Related Videos
09:24
Effect of Change of Direction (COD) Movement on Plantar Pressure and Foot Balance in Bilateral Limbs
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2026
This protocol details a standardized approach to quantify plantar pressure distribution, foot balance, and foot axis angle during 45° change-of-direction tasks using a Footscan pressure plate, enabling reproducible assessment of bilateral limb loading patterns at a controlled approach speed.
07:40
Foot Exam
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2023
Source: Robert E. Sallis, MD. Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, USA The foot is a complex structure composed of numerous bones and articulations. It provides flexibility, is the essential contact point needed for ambulation, and is uniquely suited to absorb shock. Because the foot must support the weight of the entire body, it is prone to injury and pain. When examining the foot, it is important to remove shoes and socks on both sides, so that the entire foot can be inspected and compared.
07:44
Construction of Constant-Load (Isotonic) and Constant-Velocity (Isokinetic) Torque-Velocity-Power Profiles In vivo for the Rat Plantar Flexors
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2025
Here, we present a novel protocol to non-invasively measure the torque-angular velocity-power relationship in vivo in rat plantar flexors using transcutaneous muscle stimulation. This setup enables simple testing of isotonic muscle contractions on a force transducer/length controller system to better represent the constant-load nature of everyday movements.
08:57
Acute and Chronic Tactile Sensory Testing after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
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Cited by 55 •
2012
We describe two tactile sensory testing methods for acute or chronic periods of spinal cord injury in rats. These validated procedures can detect the development and maintenance of allodynia-like sensations.
13:11
Sensory Exam
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2023
Source:Tracey A. Milligan, MD; Tamara B. Kaplan, MD; Neurology, Brigham and Women's/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA A complete sensory examination consists of testing primary sensory modalities as well as cortical sensory function. Primary sensory modalities include pain, temperature, light touch, vibration, and joint position sense. Sensation of the face is discussed in the videos Cranial Nerves Exam I and II, as are the special senses of smell, vision, taste, and...
FAQs
Sensory receptors in plantar skin detect touch, pain, and temperature. These signals travel through peripheral nerves toward the dorsal spinal roots, then enter the spinal cord for central processing. Because this pathway connects a surface sensory finding with a spinal nerve root, testing the sole can help localize dysfunction during a neurological assessment.
Overlapping nerve territories can blur the boundaries assigned to a single spinal root. As a result, two individuals may show somewhat different sensory patterns even when the same region is examined. Clinicians therefore interpret plantar findings alongside the overall neurological examination rather than treating one isolated area as an absolute map of nerve-root function.
Reduced or altered sensation across the sole may support concern for S1 radiculopathy, nerve-root compression, or peripheral nerve dysfunction. The finding does not identify the cause by itself, but it provides anatomical evidence that sensory signaling may be impaired somewhere along the relevant pathway. Additional examination, imaging, or testing can help clarify the source.
The clinician examines sensory responses across the plantar surface, assessing modalities such as touch, pain, and temperature. Findings are considered in relation to the expected S1-associated territory and compared with the broader neurological examination. This structured approach helps identify meaningful sensory asymmetry or loss while accounting for individual variation caused by overlapping nerve territories.
Testing is useful when clinicians evaluate suspected S1 radiculopathy, nerve-root compression, or peripheral nerve dysfunction. A sensory abnormality can support the initial neurological assessment and help determine whether further imaging or other testing is appropriate. The same examination can also provide a baseline against which clinicians compare later findings during neurological recovery.
Repeated sensory examinations provide a way to track whether touch, pain, or temperature perception changes over time. Improvement or persistence of an abnormal finding can add clinical context to other evaluations and help monitor recovery. Because plantar sensation may vary between individuals, meaningful interpretation depends on consistent assessment and comparison with earlier results.