Drug Barrel Filling
Drug Barrel Filling - Related Videos
11:08
Double-barreled and Concentric Microelectrodes for Measurement of Extracellular Ion Signals in Brain Tissue
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Cited by 19 •
2015
We demonstrate the fabrication, calibration and properties of two types of ion-selective microelectrodes (double-barreled and concentric) for measurement of ion concentrations in brain tissue. These are then used in the mouse hippocampal slice preparation to show that excitatory activity changes both extracellular potassium and sodium concentrations.
03:28
Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Rat Barrel Cortex During Whisker Stimulation
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2025
Source: Blanc, J., et al. Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7 T in the Rat Barrel Cortex During Whisker Activation. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)This video demonstrates the method of analyzing metabolic changes in the rat barrel cortex using functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy during whisker stimulation. Baseline metabolite spectra are compared with stimulated spectra to detect lactate increase in the barrel cortex, confirming successful neuronal activation.
10:45
Finding Your Blind Spot and Perceptual Filling-in
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University In the back of everyone's eye is a small piece of neural tissue called the retina. The retina has photosensitive cells that respond to stimulation by light. The responses of these cells are sent into the brain through the optic nerve, a bundle of neural fibers. In each retina there is a place somewhere in the periphery where the outputs from retinal cells collect and the bundled optic nerve exits to the brain. At that location,...
09:55
From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins
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Cited by 8 •
2016
β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) serve many functions within the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Here, we hope to alleviate a known bottleneck in structural studies by presenting protocols for the production of β-barrel OMPs in sufficient quantities for structure determination by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy.
01:09
Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels
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2023
In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
FAQs
Air bubbles can disrupt reliable drug delivery by interfering with solution continuity in the narrow barrel and making ejection less predictable. Maintaining the intended concentration is equally important because changes during filling could alter the pharmacological stimulus. Careful transfer therefore supports controlled comparisons between neuronal responses obtained with and without localized drug application.
Pressure application and iontophoresis provide distinct ways to eject a filled solution. Pressure uses applied force to move the solution, whereas iontophoresis uses an electrical approach to drive delivery from the barrel. Choosing between these methods changes how the pharmacological manipulation is implemented while preserving the goal of localized testing of neural signaling.
Restricting drug exposure to a nearby neural region helps researchers relate a pharmacological change to activity in particular neurons or circuits. Limiting effects on surrounding tissue can make it easier to distinguish local receptor or synaptic contributions from broader network effects. This spatial control strengthens interpretation of links between signaling mechanisms and neural responses.
The filling process should transfer a defined solution into the narrow barrel while minimizing air bubbles and contamination. It must also preserve the solution's concentration so that the material ejected during the experiment represents the intended pharmacological condition. These controls are central to obtaining a predictable manipulation and meaningful comparisons across neural recordings or experiments.
Researchers would use this approach when they need to manipulate receptor activity or synaptic signaling in a restricted brain region. The filled barrels can support localized delivery during investigations of neuronal responses, neural circuit function, or behavior. Its value is greatest when the experiment requires a pharmacological intervention that limits effects on nearby tissue.
Localized application can help connect a specific neurotransmitter system with changes in neuronal responses, circuit function, and behavior. By delivering pharmacological solutions near selected neurons or neural circuits, researchers can examine how altering receptor or synaptic signaling relates to these outcomes. The resulting relationships provide neuroscience context for interpreting circuit-level and behavioral effects.