Fm Dye Cycling
Fm Dye Cycling - Related Videos
08:31
FM Dye Cycling at the Synapse: Comparing High Potassium Depolarization, Electrical and Channelrhodopsin Stimulation
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Cited by 7 •
2018
Synaptic vesicle (SV) cycling is the core mechanism of intercellular communication at neuronal synapses. FM dye uptake and release are the primary means of quantitatively assaying SV endo- and exocytosis. Here, we compare all the stimulation methods to drive FM1-43 cycling at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) model synapse.
09:32
Cell Cycle Analysis
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2023
Cell cycle refers to the set of events through which a cell grows, replicates its genome, and ultimately divides into two daughter cells through the process of mitosis. Because the amount of DNA in a cell shows characteristic changes throughout the cycle, techniques known as cell cycle analysis can be used to separate a population of cells according to the different phases of cell cycle they are in, based on their varying DNA content.This video will cover the principles behind cell cycle...
10:30
Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
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2023
Source: Tamara M. Powers, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University Today's modern world requires the use of a large amount of energy. While we harness energy from fossil fuels such as coal and oil, these sources are nonrenewable and thus the supply is limited. To maintain our global lifestyle, we must extract energy from renewable sources. The most promising renewable source, in terms of abundance, is the sun, which provides us with more than enough solar energy to fully fuel our...
08:36
FM Dyes in Vesicle Recycling
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2023
FM dyes are a class of fluorescent molecules that has found important use in studying the vesicle recycling process. By virtue of a chemical structure, these molecules can insert themselves into the outer leaflet of phospholipid bilayer membranes. After membrane insertion, they are internalized into the cell via endocytosed vesicles, and released when these vesicles recycle back to the membrane. Since, these dyes fluoresce strongly in the hydrophobic environment within membranes and weakly in...
00:54
What are Biogeochemical Cycles?
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2019
The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited amounts. Therefore, these nutrients must be recycled through both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, in processes generally called biogeochemical cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles and Decomposition The matter that makes up living organisms, like water, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorous, exist in limited quantities within the...
FAQs
Fm dyes couple membrane location to optical readout. Their amphipathic character allows them to enter neuronal membranes, while confinement in the synaptic-vesicle lipid bilayer produces strong fluorescence. During exocytosis, the dye encounters the extracellular solution and the signal falls. This coupling lets fluorescence report membrane trafficking rather than merely neuronal activity.
The direction of the fluorescence change carries mechanistic information. A stimulation-linked decrease is consistent with vesicle exocytosis and dye exposure outside the vesicle, whereas recovery indicates endocytosis followed by reloading. Tracking both phases therefore separates loss of vesicle-associated dye from restoration during recycling, helping assess multiple stages of presynaptic membrane turnover.
Stimulus timing provides the reference needed to interpret the optical trace. Fluorescence loss linked to stimulation reflects dye exposure during exocytosis, while subsequent recovery reflects retrieval and reloading. Without relating signal changes to the stimulation period, researchers could observe intensity changes but would have less basis for assigning them to particular stages of the recycling cycle.
A typical measurement labels neuronal membranes with the dye, applies neuronal stimulation, and records fluorescence over time. The resulting trace is examined for activity-associated signal loss and later restoration. Because the method can be used in cultured neurons and brain preparations, the same basic optical logic can be applied across different experimental settings.
Fluorescence changes provide readouts of synaptic vesicle release, retrieval, and recycling. In neuroscience experiments, these measurements can be used to characterize presynaptic function and examine how effectively vesicles support repeated communication. The value lies in relating optical changes to activity and membrane traffic across the measurement.
Because the signal follows activity-dependent vesicle traffic, changes in fluorescence patterns can be related to the performance of presynaptic terminals during neuronal activity. Researchers can use the method to characterize short-term plasticity and identify defects in neurotransmission, linking altered release or recycling behavior to impaired synaptic communication in cultured neurons or brain preparations.