Microrna Biomarkers
Microrna Biomarkers - Related Videos
01:22
MicroRNAs
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2019
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
10:28
Probe-based Real-time PCR Approaches for Quantitative Measurement of microRNAs
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Cited by 33 •
2015
Circulating microRNAs have recently emerged as promising and novel biomarkers for various cancers and other diseases. The goal of this article is to discuss three different probe-based real-time PCR platforms and methods that are available to quantify and determine the abundance of circulating microRNAs.
06:59
Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
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Cited by 17 •
2016
Bile fluid is a valuable source of extracellular vesicles/exosomes that contain potentially important biomarkers. This protocol represents a robust method to isolate exosomes from human bile for further analyses including miRNA profiling.
09:19
In ovo Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain
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Cited by 5 •
2013
Ectopic expression is one technique to elucidate the microRNAs role in brain development. However, targeting specific areas using in ovo electroporation is challenging. Here, we show an efficient way to selectively electroporate ventral and dorsal midbrain regions.
09:05
MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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Cited by 4 •
2017
We describe here a method for regulating picornavirus tropism by incorporating sequences complementary to specific microRNAs into the viral genome. This protocol can be adapted to all different classes of viruses with modifications based upon the length and nature of their life cycle.
FAQs
Their regulatory effect depends on base-pairing with target messenger RNAs, typically within the 3′ untranslated region. This interaction can inhibit translation, meaning less protein production, or promote degradation of the transcript. Consequently, measuring a microRNA signal can provide information about altered gene regulation, not merely the presence of cellular damage.
Stability in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and other biofluids supports detection outside the nervous tissue. This creates a noninvasive window into molecular changes associated with the brain. Profiles from these fluids can help connect measurable signals with disease-associated biology, but their meaning depends on the biological state being investigated.
In neuroscience, disease-associated microRNA expression patterns can be interpreted as signals of coordinated molecular changes rather than isolated measurements. Their relationships to synaptic function, inflammation, and cell survival help frame which biological processes may be altered. This pathway-oriented interpretation can complement efforts to distinguish disorders or characterize neuronal injury.
MicroRNA measurements can be integrated with sequencing or quantitative PCR to assess expression information. The resulting profiles provide data for examining disease-associated molecular changes in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other biofluids. In neuroscience research, this workflow connects molecular measurements with questions about diagnosis, prognosis, neuronal injury, or treatment response.
These biomarkers may help distinguish neurodegenerative disorders and assess neuronal injury, while also revealing pathways linked to synaptic function, inflammation, and cell survival. Their potential value extends across several stages of investigation: early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring response to treatment. Each use depends on identifying disease-associated profiles that are sufficiently informative.
Validation across patient cohorts is essential before a profile can support clinical translation. A signal observed in one group must remain meaningful when examined across additional cohorts, because diagnostic, prognostic, or monitoring claims depend on reproducible disease-associated patterns. This step helps determine whether a candidate microRNA profile has practical value beyond an initial research finding.