Water Dipping Objective
Water Dipping Objective - Related Videos
14:38
Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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Cited by 12 •
2012
We describe a novel methodology for creating naturalistic 3-D objects and object categories with precisely defined feature variations. We use simulations of the biological processes of morphogenesis and phylogenesis to create novel, naturalistic virtual 3-D objects and object categories that can then be rendered as visual images or haptic objects.
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Object Substitution Masking
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University Visual masking is a term used by perceptual scientists to refer to a wide range of phenomena in which in an image is presented but not perceived by an observer because of the presentation of a second image. There are several different kinds of masking, many of them relatively intuitive and unsurprising. But one surprising and important type of masking is called Object Substitution Masking. It has been a focus of research in vision...
05:55
Multiple Object Tracking
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University In a staggeringly complex and engaging world, it is crucial to selectively process some stimuli at the expense of others. Experimental psychologists call this ability attention. Specifically, visual attention refers to the ability to selectively process aspects of a visual scene. Many paradigms used to study visual attention involve brief, punctuated, and repeated trials. However, everyday situations often place sustained demands...
10:24
Floral-dip Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana to Examine pTSO2::β-glucuronidase Reporter Gene Expression
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Cited by 21 •
2010
This article illustrates the floral-dip method of Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. By introducing a cell-cycle regulated promoter-reporter, pTSO2::β-glucuronidase (GUS), into Arabidopsis, we illustrates how one detects GUS reporter expression in transgenic seedlings.
01:24
Communication Objectives
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2024
Communication objectives are crucial strategic goals in marketing, serving as the backbone for promotional activities. Clear communication objectives help marketers ensure that each piece of communication serves a specific purpose, enhancing the overall impact and efficiency of their marketing efforts. Communication objectives should be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. They should align with marketing goals and support brand positioning, ensuring promotional...
FAQs
The water layer reduces the refractive-index mismatch between the objective and the aqueous specimen environment. That closer match limits spherical aberration, an optical distortion that can blur images when rays focus unevenly. As a result, the objective can preserve clearer fluorescence or multiphoton signals from specimens in physiological media, where an air interface would be less well matched.
Numerical aperture and working distance provide complementary benefits. A high numerical aperture supports high-resolution imaging, while a relatively long working distance helps the objective operate across the water layer surrounding an aqueous specimen. Together, these features make the design suitable for imaging living tissue or acute brain slices, where the optical path must remain compatible with physiological media.
Compared with air, water provides a refractive environment closer to that of the aqueous specimen and surrounding medium. This reduces spherical aberration and helps preserve image clarity through physiological media. The distinction is important when selecting an objective for living neural preparations, because the coupling medium is part of the optical conditions rather than an incidental accessory.
Before and during acquisition, researchers should keep a continuous water layer between the front lens and the aqueous specimen while preventing contamination of that interface. A disrupted or contaminated layer can alter the optical conditions and reduce performance consistency. Interface maintenance is therefore an operating requirement, not merely a cleanup step after imaging is complete.
In neuroscience, the objective supports fluorescence and multiphoton imaging of neurons, glial cells, and neural circuits. Its water-based operation is suited to acute brain slices as well as living tissue, where specimens remain in aqueous or physiological media. These applications allow researchers to examine cellular and circuit-level structures under conditions compatible with biological preparations.
Researchers can expect improved image clarity through physiological media, supported by reduced spherical aberration and high numerical aperture. The relatively long working distance also suits aqueous neural preparations. However, performance depends on preserving the water interface and avoiding contamination. If those conditions are not maintained, the objective may deliver less consistent imaging than expected.