Liver Metabolism Kidney Clearance
Liver Metabolism Kidney Clearance - Related Videos
08:13
Evaluation of Zebrafish Kidney Function Using a Fluorescent Clearance Assay
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Cited by 29 •
2015
The zebrafish is a popular tool to model chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, their small size makes it impossible to evaluate renal function using traditional methods. We describe a fluorescent dye kidney clearance assay1 that allows quantitative analysis of zebrafish kidney function in CKD.
10:15
Steps for the Autologous Ex vivo Perfused Porcine Liver-kidney Experiment
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Cited by 2 •
2013
Study of the animal organ physiology can be achieved by performing an experimental ex vivo perfusion system. The addition of a porcine kidney, as a homeostatic organ to our previously developed ex vivo liver perfusion model can be a principal step to achieve a better physiological environment.
08:19
The Mouse Isolated Perfused Kidney Technique
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Cited by 24 •
2016
The mouse isolated perfused kidney (MIPK) is a technique for keeping a mouse kidney under ex vivo conditions perfused and functional for 1 hr. The buffers and surgical technique are described in detail.
07:30
Assessing Insulin Clearance in Mice via In Situ Liver Perfusion
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2024
Hepatic insulin clearance is critical for regulating glucose homeostasis. This article describes a user-friendly hepatic perfusion procedure for directly evaluating the hepatic insulin clearance rate in situ in mice.
06:26
Mouse Model of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with Fibrosis
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Cited by 1 •
2025
Mouse model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with metabolic dysfunction, hepatic gene expression changes, and liver histopathological alterations that resemble human MASLD, including fibrosis that progresses to advanced fibrosis stage 3. This model can be used in studies of MASLD pathophysiology and in pre-clinical studies of new therapies.
FAQs
Phase I reactions, such as oxidation, modify drug molecules, whereas Phase II reactions, such as conjugation, add chemical groups to them. These sequential or complementary transformations change the properties of drugs and can produce metabolites that are subsequently removed from the body. Their combined activity helps determine drug exposure, duration of action, and potential toxicity.
These three renal processes influence how much drug or metabolite leaves the body in urine. Glomerular filtration moves substances through the kidney’s filtering system, tubular secretion transfers substances into the tubular fluid, and tubular reabsorption moves substances back from that fluid. The balance among them affects drug concentration, half-life, and the persistence of pharmacologic effects.
Drug action depends on the combined effects of transformation and removal rather than on either organ alone. Liver metabolism changes the drug and may generate metabolites, while kidney clearance removes drugs and metabolites through several renal processes. Alterations in either pathway can change how long concentrations remain active, influencing efficacy, toxicity, and dose selection.
Pharmacologists evaluate liver metabolism and kidney clearance to anticipate how rapidly a medicine will be transformed or eliminated. This information supports dose selection by linking organ function with drug concentration, half-life, and therapeutic effect. The same assessment also helps identify situations in which standard dosing may not suit patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
Drug interaction assessment considers whether changes in metabolic transformation or renal removal could alter drug concentrations. Because these pathways help determine exposure and half-life, their disruption may increase or decrease the amount of medicine reaching its targets or remaining in the body. Understanding both processes therefore supports safer treatment planning and evaluation of potential toxicity.
Hepatic or renal impairment can affect the pathways responsible for transforming and removing medicines. Pharmacology therefore incorporates organ function into treatment planning, since altered metabolism or clearance may change efficacy, duration of action, and toxicity risk. This context helps clinicians consider whether dose selection should be adapted rather than applying the same approach to every patient.