How Questions
How Questions - Related Videos
07:59
Memory Development: Demonstrating How Repeated Questioning Leads to False Memories
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Judith Danovitch and Nicholaus Noles—University of Louisville A person is defined as a unique individual based on the people and events they encounter in their lives. Thus, creating, storing, and recalling memories are essential elements of the human experience. However, memory, as adults experience it, takes time to develop. Although young children can learn facts and remember details of their lives from moment-to-moment and day-to-day, they do not create...
08:33
Porcine Cardiac Arrest Model Using an Implantable Defibrillator
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2026
This protocol demonstrates the use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) to reliably induce ventricular arrhythmias, perform internal cardioversion, and obtain intracardiac ECG recordings in a porcine model.
07:34
Production of Nanofibrillar Patterned Collagen for Tissue Engineering
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Cited by 1 •
2024
The following protocol presents a shear-based extrusion method for the fabrication of collagen hydrogels with nanoscale patterned fibrils, which can be applied to a broad range of tissue engineering applications.
09:10
A Simple Benchtop Filtration Method to Isolate Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Cited by 8 •
2022
This protocol demonstrates how to isolate human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells' small extracellular vesicles (hUC-MSC-sEVs) with a simple lab-scale benchtop setting. The size distribution, protein concentration, sEVs markers, and morphology of isolated hUC-MSC-sEVs are characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, BCA protein assay, western blot, and transmission electron microscope, respectively.
10:27
In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Cited by 1 •
2022
The protocol submitted here explains the complete in silico pipeline needed to predict and functionally characterize circRNAs from RNA-sequencing transcriptome data studying host-pathogen interactions.
FAQs
Open-ended wording can encourage people to describe experiences in greater detail rather than select a brief response. This format may reveal how an experience occurred, how behavior developed, or how a person interpreted and responded to a situation. In psychological research and clinical conversations, those narratives provide richer material for examining individual experiences and recurring patterns.
How questions can direct attention to processes involved in learning, memory, decision-making, emotion, and social behavior. Instead of recording only whether a response occurred, they invite descriptions of development, interpretation, or change. This process-focused information helps researchers examine relationships among experiences and behaviors while preserving the detail needed to explore different psychological domains.
Question wording guides what aspect of an experience receives attention. Asking how something happened can prompt a person to explain a sequence, development, interpretation, or response, while a simple factual or yes-or-no prompt may produce less detail. In psychology, this distinction matters because the form of the response affects which mechanisms and experiences become visible.
The same process-focused prompt can be adapted to interviews, surveys, case studies, and clinical conversations. In an interview, it may elicit a narrative; in a survey, it can collect descriptions across participants; in a case study, it can clarify development over time; and in clinical conversation, it can explore a person's experience and responses.
Researchers first connect the question to a process or experience of interest, such as learning, memory, emotion, or social behavior. They then select a suitable setting, including an interview, survey, case study, or clinical conversation, and examine the resulting descriptions for meaningful patterns. This approach keeps data collection aligned with the psychological process under investigation.
Descriptions gathered through how questions can reveal patterns in experiences and processes rather than isolated facts. Those patterns may contribute to theory development by suggesting how behavior or interpretation unfolds. They can also support assessment by clarifying an individual's experience and inform the design of psychological interventions by identifying processes that may require attention.