Lactones
Lactones - Related Videos
10:17
Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
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Cited by 1 •
2019
Enantiomerically enriched bispiro[γ-butyrolactone-pyrrolidin-4,4'-pyrazolone] skeletons are asymmetrically synthesized through a simple organocatalytic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
12:39
Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model
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Cited by 24 •
2014
To improve our knowledge of cellular and molecular neotissue formation, a murine model of the TEVG was recently developed. The grafts were implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. This model achieves similar results to those achieved in our clinical investigation, but over a far shortened time-course.
09:04
A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol for the Synthesis of Complex Aminoguanidine-containing Natural Products
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Cited by 3 •
2016
Here, we present a protocol for direct, early stage guanidinylation that enables rapid total synthesis of aminoguanidine-containing small organic molecules. An advanced synthetic intermediate used in the synthesis of a blood coagulation factor XIa inhibitor was prepared using this protocol.
10:54
Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization
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2015
An efficient, three-step synthesis of RAFT-based fluorescent glycopolymers, consisting of glycomonomer preparation, copolymerization, and post-modification, is demonstrated. This protocol can be used to prepare RAFT-based statistical glycopolymers with desired structures.
07:20
Grignard Reaction
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2023
Source: Vy M. Dong and Faben Cruz, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA This experiment will demonstrate how to properly carry out a Grignard reaction. The formation of an organometallic reagent will be demonstrated by synthesizing a Grignard reagent with magnesium and an alkyl halide. To demonstrate a common use of a Grignard reagent, a nucleophilic attack onto a carbonyl will be performed to generate a secondary alcohol by forming a new C-C bond.
FAQs
Ring size, substitution, and ring strain influence how a lactone behaves because they alter the molecular environment around its ester bond. These structural variables can affect both general properties and the ease with which the ring participates in reactions. Consequently, chemists examine structure carefully when selecting or designing lactones for synthesis, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, or polymer-related work.
The ester bond is a key reactive site in lactones. Hydrolysis or alcoholysis can open the ring, reversing the cyclic arrangement and regenerating functional groups. This ring-opening behavior is important because it provides a way to convert a cyclic compound into a more functionally accessible form, supporting further chemical transformation or controlled material design.
Hydrolysis and alcoholysis both provide ring-opening pathways, but they are distinct reaction modes. The overview identifies each as a route that opens the ester-containing ring and regenerates functional groups. Comparing these pathways helps researchers choose a transformation consistent with the desired product structure and with subsequent chemical steps in a synthesis or materials-development strategy.
To plan lactone formation, begin with a hydroxy carboxylic acid framework and assess whether its hydroxyl and carboxyl groups can be linked intramolecularly. Esterification then creates the ring, after which ring size, substitution, and strain become important structural features to evaluate. This workflow connects precursor structure to the properties and reactivity expected from the resulting lactone.
Lactones are valuable in organic synthesis because their cyclic ester framework can later be opened through hydrolysis or alcoholysis. They also occur in natural products and are relevant to pharmaceuticals and fragrances. These roles make them useful both as synthetic intermediates and as structural components whose reactivity can be adapted to a target compound or application.
In polymer chemistry, lactone ring-opening behavior provides a basis for considering these compounds in biodegradable polymer development. The important design question is how molecular structure, including ring size, substitution, and strain, influences material-related properties. Studying those relationships helps connect molecular-level lactone chemistry with efforts to develop polymers having targeted characteristics.